(a)
Interpretation:
The given statement about valence electrons of atoms of main-group elements is a true statement or not is to be identified and if the statement is false, it is to be changed into a true statement.
(b)
Interpretation:
The given statement about valence electrons of atoms of main-group elements is a true statement or not is to be identified and if the statement is false, it is to be changed into a true statement.
(c)
Interpretation:
The given statement about valence electrons of atoms of main-group elements is a true statement or not is to be identified and if the statement is false, it is to be changed into a true statement.
(d)
Interpretation:
The given statement about valence electrons of atoms of main-group elements is a true statement or not is to be identified and if the statement is false, it is to be changed into a true statement.
(e)
Interpretation:
The given statement about valence electrons of atoms of main-group elements is a true statement or not is to be identified and if the statement is false, it is to be changed into a true statement.
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Introduction to Chemistry
- Determine whether each statement that follows is true or false: a Electron energies are quantized in excited states but not in the ground state. b Line spectra of the elements are experimental evidence of the quantization of electron energies. c Energy is released as an electron passes from ground state to an excited state. d The energy of an electron may be between two quantized energy levels. e The Bohr model explanation of line spectra is still thought to be correct. f The quantum mechanical model of the atom describes orbitals in which electrons travel around the nucleus. g Orbitals are regions in which there is a high probability of finding an electron. h All energy sublevels have the same number of orbitals. i The 3p orbitals of an atom are larger than its 2p orbitals but smaller than its 4p orbitals. j At a given sublevel, the maximum number of d electrons is 5. k The halogens are found in Group 7A/17 of the periodic table. l The dot structure of the alkaline earths is X, where X is the symbol of element in the family. m Stable ions formed by alkaline earth metals are isoelectronic with noble gas atoms. n Atomic numbers 23 and 45 both belong to transition elements. o Atomic number 52, 35, and 18 are arranged in order of increasing atomic size. p Atomic number 7, 16, and 35 are all nonmetals.arrow_forwardWhich orbital is the first be filled in any atom? Why?arrow_forwardHow are the Bohr model and the Rutherford model of the atom similar? How are they different?arrow_forward
- Explain electron from a quantum mechanical perspective, including a discussion of atomic radii, probabilities, and orbitals.arrow_forwardr Questions 11—13, you will need to consider ionizations beyond the first ionization energy. For example, the second ionization energy is the energy to remove a second electron from an element. Compare the first ionization energy of helium to its second ionization energy, remembering that both electrons come from the 1s orbital. l> X Y First 170 200 second 350 400 Third 1800 3500 fouth 2500 5000 entify the elements X and Y. There may be more than one answer. so explain completely.arrow_forwardWhich atom would be expected to have a half-filled 4s subshell?arrow_forward
- Write the valence-electron configuration of each of the following elements, basing your answer on the element’s location on the periodic table. uranium, Z=92 c. mercury, Z=80 manganese, Z=25 d. francium, Z=87arrow_forwardHow are the Bohr model and the quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom similar? How are they different?arrow_forwardThe spectra of hydrogen and of calcium are shown in Figure 6.13. What causes the lines in these spectra? Why are the colors of the lines different? Suggest a reason for the observation that the spectrum of calcium is more complicated than the spectrum of hydrogen.arrow_forward
- Which statement is true of the quantum mechanical model, but not of the Bohr model? a. Electrons orbit the nucleus in simple circular orbits, just like planets orbit the Sun. b. The exact path that an electron follows within an atom cannot be specified. c. The electron is attracted to the nucleus of the atom.arrow_forwardThe “Chemistry in Focus" segment The Chemistry of Bohrium discusses element 107. bohrium (Bh). What is the expected electron configuration of Bh?arrow_forwardWhy was Bohr's theory for the hydrogen atom initially accepted, and why was it ultimately discarded?arrow_forward
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