Chapter 7, Problem 7.66P

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A heat engine An engine that converts power from heat operating at a steady-state receives energy by heat transfer at a rate of Qu at TH = 1200 K and rejects energy by heat transfer to a cold reservoir at a rate Qc at Tc= 360 K. (i) Calculate the Carnot cycle efficiency (ii) For each of the following cases, analyze and determine whether the cycle operates reversibly, operates irreversibly, or is impossible. (a) QH = 720 kW, Qc = 144 kW (b) QH = 720 kVW, Wcycle = 360 kW, Qc = 288 kW (c) Wcycle = 714 kW, Qc = 306 kW (d) QH = 920 kW, Qc = 368 kW

6.110 Figure P6.110 shows a simple vapor power plant operating at steady state with water as the working fluid. Data at key locations are given on the figure. The mass flow rate of the water circulating through the components is 109 kg/s. Stray heat transfer and kinetic and potential energy effects can be ignored. Determine a. the net power developed, in MW. b. the thermal efficiency. c. the isentropic turbine efficiency. t2 d. the isentropic pump efficiency. e. the mass flow rate of the cooling water, in kg/s. f. the rates of entropy production, each in kW/K, for the turbine, condenser, and pump. P = 100 bar T = 520°C %3D Power out Turbine P2 = 0.08 bar 2 = 90% %3D Steam Cooling water in at 20°C generator Condenser Pa= 100 bar T= 43°C Cooling water out at 35°C 4. Pump 3 P3 0.08 bar Saturated liquid Power in FIGURE P6.110 2. www

6.111 Steam enters a two-stage turbine with reheat operating at steady state as shown in Fig. P6.111. The steam enters turbine 1 with a mass flow rate of 120,000 lb/h at 1000 lbf/in.², 800°F and expands to a pressure of 60 lbf/in. From there, the steam enters the reheater where it is heated at constant pressure to 350°C before entering tur- bine 2 and expanding to a final pressure of 1 lbf/in.? The turbines operate adiabatically with isentropic efficiencies of 88% and 85%, respectively. Kinetic and potential energy effects can be neglected. Determine the net power developed by the two turbines and the rate of heat transfer in the reheater, each in Btu/h. Qin P3 = 60 lbf/in.2 T = 350°C P2 = 60 lbf/in.2 Reheater W net Turbine 1 Turbine 2 Nu = 88% Ni2 = 85% P4 =1 lbf/in.2 P1 = 1000 Ibf/in.2 T = 800°F m = 120,000 lb/h FIGURE P6.111

Steam at 44 bar and a dryness fraction, x = 0.9 is throttled to a pressure of 12 bar. Calculate thedifference in power output in kilowatts between the following two expansion processes:a) Steam at the initial pressure of 44 bar and x = 0.9 at State 1 is expanded in a turbine to State 3 at 0.12 bar.b) Steam at the reduced pressure of 12 bar after throttling at State 2 is expanded in another turbine to State 4 at the same exhaust pressure of 0.12 bar.The mass flow rate of steam is 8 kg/sec in both cases and the expansion in both turbines can be assumed to be reversible and adiabatic. Sketch both expansion processes on the same T-s diagram using the respective initial and final state points as described above.Explain the reason for the difference in power output.Calculate the mass flow rate of steam for the turbine operating at the throttled/reduced pressure to generate the same output as the turbine operating at the pressure before throttling.NOTE: You are required to number the state…

The adjacent figure provides steady-state operating data for a vapor power plant using water as the working fluid. The mass flow rate of water is 12 kg/s. The turbine and pump operate adiabatically but not reversibly. Determine a) the thermal efficiency. b) the rates of heat transfer QQ and QQ000000, each in kW. State 1 2 3 4 5 6 P 6 MPa 10 kPa 10 kPa 7.5 MPa 7 MPa 6 MPa T(°C) 500 Sat. 40 550 h (kJ/kg) 3422.2 1633.3 191.83 199.4 167.57 3545.3

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Q.1 A piston-cylinder device operates 1 kg of fluid at 20 bar pressure. The initial volume is 0.1 (the last digit of your id.no). The fluid is expand reversibly following the process pv¹.3 = constant. at point B the volume becomes 1.5 m³. The fluid is then cooled at a constant temperature. Calculate the work done in the cycle. p (bar) 0.1 last digit of your id. no 0.1 v cu.m Py ¹.3 B 1.5

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