Chemistry: Atoms First
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168154
Author: Richard Langley, Klaus Theopold, Paul Flowers
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 75E
How many molecules of the sweetener saccharin can be prepared from 30 C atoms, 25 H atoms, 12 0 atoms, 8 S atoms, and 14 N atoms?
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Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition
Consider the following equilibrium:
2NH3 (g) = N2 (g) +3H₂
—N2 (g) AGº = 34. kJ
Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.19 atm of ammonia (NH3) and 9.94 atm of nitrogen (N2) at 378. °C. Answer the following questions about this
system:
rise
Under these conditions, will the pressure of NH 3 tend to rise or fall?
☐ x10
fall
Х
Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding H₂?
In other words, if you said the pressure of NH 3 will tend to rise, can that
be changed to a tendency to fall by adding H₂? Similarly, if you said the
pressure of NH3 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to
rise by adding H₂?
If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate
the minimum pressure of H₂ needed to reverse it.
Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
yes
no
atm
00.
18
Ar
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?
Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria
The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at
equilibrium. You can leave out water itself.
Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the
formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row.
You will find it useful to keep in mind that HF is a weak acid.
2.2 mol of NaOH is added to
1.0 L of a 1.4M HF
solution.
acids:
П
bases:
Х
other: ☐
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acids:
0.51 mol of KOH is added to
1.0 L of a solution that is
bases:
1.3M in both HF and NaF.
other: ☐
00.
18
Ar
Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition
Consider the following equilibrium:
N2O4 (g) 2NO2 (g)
AG⁰ = 5.4 kJ
Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 1.68 atm of dinitrogen tetroxide (N204) at 148. °C. Answer the following questions about this system:
rise
Under these conditions, will the pressure of N2O4 tend to rise or fall?
x10
fall
Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO2?
In other words, if you said the pressure of N2O4 will tend to rise, can that
be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO2? Similarly, if you said the
pressure of N2O4 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to
rise by adding NO2?
If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate
the minimum pressure of NO 2 needed to reverse it.
Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
yes
no
0.42 atm
☑
5
0/5
?
مله
Ar
Chapter 7 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
Ch. 7 - What does it mean to say an equation is balanced?...Ch. 7 - Consider molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic...Ch. 7 - Balance the following equations: (a)...Ch. 7 - Balance the following equations: (a)...Ch. 7 - Write a balanced molecular equation describing...Ch. 7 - Write a balanced equation describing each of the...Ch. 7 - Colorful fireworks often involve the decomposition...Ch. 7 - Fill in the blank with a single chemical formula...Ch. 7 - Aqueous hydrogen fluoride (hydrofluoric acid) is...Ch. 7 - A novel process for obtaining magnesium from sea...
Ch. 7 - From the balanced molecular equations, write the...Ch. 7 - Use the following equations to answer the next...Ch. 7 - Indicate what type, or types, of reaction each of...Ch. 7 - Indicate what type, or types, of reaction each of...Ch. 7 - Silver can be separated from gold because silver...Ch. 7 - Determine the oxidation states of the elements in...Ch. 7 - Determine the oxidation states of the elements in...Ch. 7 - Determine the oxidation states of the elements in...Ch. 7 - Classify the following as acid-base reactions or...Ch. 7 - Identify the atoms that are oxidized and reduced,...Ch. 7 - Complete and balance the following acid-base...Ch. 7 - Complete and balance the following acid-base...Ch. 7 - Complete and balance the following...Ch. 7 - Complete and balance the following...Ch. 7 - Complete and balance the equations for the...Ch. 7 - When heated to 700—800 C, diamonds, which are pure...Ch. 7 - The military has experimented with lasers that...Ch. 7 - Write the molecular, total ionic, and net ionic...Ch. 7 - Great Lakes Chemical Company produces bromine,...Ch. 7 - In a common experiment in the general chemistry...Ch. 7 - Lithium hydroxide may be used to absorb carbon...Ch. 7 - Calcium propionate is sometimes added to bread to...Ch. 7 - Complete and balance the equations of the...Ch. 7 - Copper(II) sulfide is oxidized by molecular oxygen...Ch. 7 - Write balanced chemical equations for the...Ch. 7 - Calcium cyclamate Ca(C6H 11 NHSO3)2 is an...Ch. 7 - Complete and balance each of the following...Ch. 7 - Complete and balance each of the following...Ch. 7 - Balance each of the following equations according...Ch. 7 - Balance each of the following equations according...Ch. 7 - Balance each of the following equations according...Ch. 7 - Write the balanced equation, then outline the...Ch. 7 - Determine the number of moles and the mass...Ch. 7 - Write the balanced equation, then outline the...Ch. 7 - Determine the number of moles and the mass...Ch. 7 - H2 is produced by the reaction of 118.5 mL of a...Ch. 7 - Gallium chloride is formed by the reaction of 2.6...Ch. 7 - I2 is produced by the reaction of 0.4235 mol of...Ch. 7 - Silver is often extracted from ores such as...Ch. 7 - What mass of silver oxide, Ag2O, is required to...Ch. 7 - Carborundum is silicon carbide, SiC, a very hard...Ch. 7 - Automotive air bags inflate when a sample of...Ch. 7 - Urea, CO( NH2)2, is manufactured on a large scale...Ch. 7 - In an accident, a solution containing 2.5 kg of...Ch. 7 - A compact car gets 37.5 miles per gallon on the...Ch. 7 - What volume of 0.750 M hydrochloric acid solution...Ch. 7 - What volume of a 0.2089 M Kl solution contains...Ch. 7 - A mordant is a substance that combines with a dye...Ch. 7 - The toxic pigment called white lead, Pb3(OH)2(...Ch. 7 - The following quantities are placed in a...Ch. 7 - What is the limiting reactant in a reaction that...Ch. 7 - Which of the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory...Ch. 7 - A student isolated 25 g of a compound following a...Ch. 7 - A sample of 0.53 g of carbon dioxide was obtained...Ch. 7 - Freon-12, CCl2F2, is prepared from CCl4 by...Ch. 7 - Citric acid, C6H5CH3, a component of jams,...Ch. 7 - Toluene, C6H5CH3, is oxidized by air under...Ch. 7 - In a laboratory experiment, the reaction of 3.0...Ch. 7 - Outline the steps needed to solve the following...Ch. 7 - Outline the steps needed to determine the limiting...Ch. 7 - Outline the steps needed to determine the limiting...Ch. 7 - What is the limiting reactant when 1.50 g of...Ch. 7 - Uranium can be isolated from its ores by...Ch. 7 - How many molecules of C2H4Cl2 can be prepared from...Ch. 7 - How many molecules of the sweetener saccharin can...Ch. 7 - The phosphorus pentoxide used to produce...Ch. 7 - Would you agree to buy 1 trillion...Ch. 7 - What volume of 0.0105-M HBr solution is required...Ch. 7 - Titration of a 20.0-mL sample of acid rain...Ch. 7 - What is the concentration of NaCl in a solution if...Ch. 7 - In a common medical laboratory determination of...Ch. 7 - Potatoes can be peeled commercially by soaking...Ch. 7 - A sample of gallium bromide, GaBr3, weighing 0....Ch. 7 - The principal component of mothballs is...Ch. 7 - A 0.025-g sample of a compound composed of boron...Ch. 7 - Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), NaHCO3, can be...Ch. 7 - What volume of 0.600 M HCl is required to react...Ch. 7 - What volume of 0.08892 M HNO3 is required to react...Ch. 7 - What volume of a 0.3300-M solution of sodium...Ch. 7 - What volume of a 0.00945-M solution of potassium...Ch. 7 - A sample of solid calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, is...Ch. 7 - What mass of Ca(OH)2 will react with 25.0 g of...Ch. 7 - How many milliliters of a 0.1500-M solution of KOH...Ch. 7 - Potassium acid phthalate, KNaC8H4O4, or KHP, is...Ch. 7 - The reaction of WCl6 with Al at ~400 C gives black...
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