
Interpretation:
The effect on toughness of alumina ceramic when SiC fiber having low toughness brittle ceramic is embedded within Alumina needs to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Alumina is brittle and has low toughness. Silicon carbide is a compound of carbon and silicon produced at very high temperature.

Answer to Problem 7.1P
When silicon carbide (sic) fibers are embedded within the alumina, its toughness improves due to the interface between fiber and alumina matrix.
Explanation of Solution
Ceramics materials are brittle in nature and have low tensile strength and toughness which makes them weaker.
There is a tendency of crack formation. When a tensile force is applied on ceramic material, cracks in the structure get elongated. When crack grows, energy gained by cracks increases and then gets absorbed by the material.
But when these ceramics are embedded with fibers like silicon carbide, the toughness of ceramic matrix increases.
Ceramic matrix composites are the materials in which ceramics are embedded with reinforcement these matrix having low toughness.
Also, if the bonding between matrix and fiber is sufficiently bad, the fibers are pulled out of matrix consuming energy.
The stress intensity factor, k is calculated as follows:
From the formula, stress intensity factor k is directly proportional to tensile strength. This means, if tensile stress increases, the value of k also increases.
Silicon carbide has a higher tensile strength than alumina. Hence if we embed the SiC with alumina, it will result in higher tensile strength.
Thus, toughness will increase with an increase in tensile strength.
Thus, it can be stated that silicon carbide embedded with alumina so as to increases the toughness of the alumina ceramic matrix.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Essentials Of Materials Science And Engineering
- the answer should be: V2= -(P0-PL/2μL)(dx-x^)+Ux/darrow_forwardFor some viscoelastic polymers that are subjected to stress relaxation tests, the stress decays with time according to a(t) = a(0) exp(-4) (15.10) where σ(t) and o(0) represent the time-dependent and initial (i.e., time = 0) stresses, respectively, and t and T denote elapsed time and the relaxation time, respectively; T is a time-independent constant characteristic of the material. A specimen of a viscoelastic polymer whose stress relaxation obeys Equation 15.10 was suddenly pulled in tension to a measured strain of 0.5; the stress necessary to maintain this constant strain was measured as a function of time. Determine E (10) for this material if the initial stress level was 3.5 MPa (500 psi), which dropped to 0.5 MPa (70 psi) after 30 s.arrow_forward1. Consider the following a unity feedback control system. R(s) + E(s) 500(s+2)(s+5)(s+6) s(s+8)(s+10)(s+12) -Y(s) Find the followings: a) Type of the system b) Static position error constant Kp, Static velocity error constant Ry and Static acceleration error constant Ka c) Find the steady-state error of the system for (i) step input 1(t), (ii) ramp input t 1(t), (iii) parabolic input t² 1(t). 2. Repeat the above problem for the following system. R(s) + E(s) 500(s + 2)(s + 5) (s+8)(s+ 10)(s+12) Y(s) 3. Repeat the above problem for the following system. R(s) + E(s) 500(s+2)(s+4)(s+5)(s+6)(s+7) s²(s+8)(s+10)(s+12) Y(s)arrow_forward
- For the flows in Examples 11.1 and 11.2, calculate the magnitudes of the Δ V2 / 2 terms omitted in B.E., and compare these with the magnitude of the ℱ terms.arrow_forward4. Consider a unity (negative) feedback control system whose open-loop transfer function is given by the following. 2 G(s) = s³ (s + 2) Find the steady-state error of the system for each of the following inputs. = a) u(t) (t²+8t+5) 1(t) b) u(t) = 3t³ 1(t) c) u(t) (t+5t² - 1) 1(t) =arrow_forward1 2. For the following closed-loop system, G(s) = and H(s) = ½ (s+4)(s+6) a. Please draw the root locus by hand and mark the root locus with arrows. Calculate the origin and angle for asymptotes. b. Use Matlab to draw the root locus to verify your sketch. Input R(s) Output C(s) KG(s) H(s)arrow_forward
- 5. Consider following feedback system. R(s) + 100 S+4 +1 Find the steady-state error for (i) step input and (ii) ramp input.arrow_forward6. Find (i) settling time (Ts), (ii) rise time (Tr), (iii) peak time (Tp), and (iv) percent overshoot (% OS) for each of the following systems whose transfer functions are given by: a) H(s) = 5 s²+12s+20 5 b) H(s) = s²+6s+25 c) H(s) = (s+2) (s²+12s+20) (s²+4s+13) Use dominant pole approximation if needed.arrow_forwardCalculate ℛP.M. in Example 11.2.arrow_forward
- For spherical sand particles with Dp = 0.03 and ρparticles = 150 lbm / ft3 estimate the minimum fluidizing velocity for air and for water. Assume ε = 0.3. In the case of the water we must rederive Eq. 11.42, taking into account the buoyant force on the particles. Below are the provide answers. Please show all work to get to the correct answers.arrow_forward7. Answer the following questions. Take help from ChatGPT to answer these questions (if you need). But write the answers briefly using your own words with no more than two sentences and make sure you check whether ChatGPT is giving you the appropriate answers in the context of class. a) Why do we need transient performance metrics? Name a few of such metrics. b) Define (i) settling time, (ii) rise time, (iii) peak time and (iv) percent overshoot. c) What is damping ratio? How does overshoot change with the change of damping ratio? When do we have zero overshoot? d) What is the criterion for selecting dominant pole in higher order systems? When dominant pole approximation is not valid? How will you calculate the transient performance metrics for the case when dominant pole approximation does not hold?arrow_forwardCan you help me with this problemarrow_forward
- MATLAB: An Introduction with ApplicationsEngineeringISBN:9781119256830Author:Amos GilatPublisher:John Wiley & Sons IncEssentials Of Materials Science And EngineeringEngineeringISBN:9781337385497Author:WRIGHT, Wendelin J.Publisher:Cengage,Industrial Motor ControlEngineeringISBN:9781133691808Author:Stephen HermanPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Basics Of Engineering EconomyEngineeringISBN:9780073376356Author:Leland Blank, Anthony TarquinPublisher:MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATIONStructural Steel Design (6th Edition)EngineeringISBN:9780134589657Author:Jack C. McCormac, Stephen F. CsernakPublisher:PEARSONFundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering...EngineeringISBN:9781119175483Author:William D. Callister Jr., David G. RethwischPublisher:WILEY





