Chapter 7, Problem 61E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Metal atoms have very low ionization potential. It can be easily ionized and form cation and free electrons (valence electron). These free electrons can move from one metal to another metal atom due to partial filled or almost empty valence electron. Metal cation form regular structure that is metal cation is fixed at their position and free electron moves around it like water in sea.

$\oplus$ Positive ion.

$e^{-}$ Delocalized valence electrons

Positive ion is fixed to form regular structure, but valence electron (delocalized) move randomly like water in sea. Due to separation of electron and positive charged metal ion an attractive force is developed called metallic bond.

$Mg\to M{g}^{2+}+2e$

Each magnesium atoms contributes two free electrons in sea of electron.

Concept used:

$1$ Mole atoms/ions/molecules contains $6.023\times {10}^{23}$ atoms/ions/molecules.

Molar mass of magnesium $\left(Mg\right)$ atom $=24.31g$

No of moles of magnesium $\left(Mg\right)$ atom $=\left(\frac{\text{Given mass of magnesium}\left(Mg\right)\text{ atom}}{\text{Molar mass of megnesium atom}}\right)$

No of magnesium atom in the given sample $=\text{no of moles of magnesium}\left(Mg\right)\text{ atom in given sample}\times \text{6}\text{.023}\times {\text{10}}^{23}\text{ atoms}$

$Mg\to M{g}^{2+}+2e$

Each magnesium atom contributes one free electron in sea of electron.

To determine: the numbers of electrons are in the electron sea of a $5.68g$ sample of magnesium metal