
Concept explainers
To review:
The signal transduction pathway of Escherichia coli in response to a hypertonic solution, with the help of a diagram.
Given:
The labeled P-EnvZ was incubated with OmpR protein and the samples were tested for the presence of fluorescence at different time intervals. The results were recorded in Table 1 below:
Table 1: Labeled proteins observed at different intervals after the incubation of 32P-EnvZ with OmpR.
Duration after mixing 32P-EnvZ and OmpR (min) | ||||
0 | 2 | 5 | 10 | |
Presence of 32P label in EnvZ | High | Medium | Low | Absent |
Presence of 32P label in OmpR | Absent | Low | Medium | High |
Introduction:
Cells activate different genes under a specific situation. The bacterial cells like E. coli synthesize high OmpC protein levels in hypertonic solutions, as compared to hypotonic or isotonic solutions. Proteins, like EnvZ which is a membrane protein, get phosphorylated and also function as a protein kinase. EnvZ also phosphorylates proteins, like OmpR, which is a cytoplasm protein.

Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 7 Solutions
LIFE:SCIENCE OF BIOL.(LL) >CUSTOM<
- What did the Cre-lox system used in the Kikuchi et al. 2010 heart regeneration experiment allow researchers to investigate? What was the purpose of the cmlc2 promoter? What is CreER and why was it used in this experiment? If constitutively active Cre was driven by the cmlc2 promoter, rather than an inducible CreER system, what color would you expect new cardiomyocytes in the regenerated area to be no matter what? Why?arrow_forwardWhat kind of organ size regulation is occurring when you graft multiple organs into a mouse and the graft weight stays the same?arrow_forwardWhat is the concept "calories consumed must equal calories burned" in regrads to nutrition?arrow_forward
- You intend to insert patched dominant negative DNA into the left half of the neural tube of a chick. 1) Which side of the neural tube would you put the positive electrode to ensure that the DNA ends up on the left side? 2) What would be the internal (within the embryo) control for this experiment? 3) How can you be sure that the electroporation method itself is not impacting the embryo? 4) What would you do to ensure that the electroporation is working? How can you tell?arrow_forwardDescribe a method to document the diffusion path and gradient of Sonic Hedgehog through the chicken embryo. If modifying the protein, what is one thing you have to consider in regards to maintaining the protein’s function?arrow_forwardThe following table is from Kumar et. al. Highly Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor (DR) Antagonists and Partial Agonists Based on Eticlopride and the D3R Crystal Structure: New Leads for Opioid Dependence Treatment. J. Med Chem 2016.arrow_forward
- The following figure is from Caterina et al. The capsaicin receptor: a heat activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature, 1997. Black boxes indicate capsaicin, white circles indicate resinferatoxin. You are a chef in a fancy new science-themed restaurant. You have a recipe that calls for 1 teaspoon of resinferatoxin, but you feel uncomfortable serving foods with "toxins" in them. How much capsaicin could you substitute instead?arrow_forwardWhat protein is necessary for packaging acetylcholine into synaptic vesicles?arrow_forward1. Match each vocabulary term to its best descriptor A. affinity B. efficacy C. inert D. mimic E. how drugs move through body F. how drugs bind Kd Bmax Agonist Antagonist Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamicsarrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning

