7th Edition

ISBN: 9781119497325

Author: JESPERSEN

Publisher: WILEY

Concept explainers

The basic structure of an atom is defined as the component-level of atomic structure of an atom. Precisely speaking an atom consists of three major subatomic particles which are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Many theories have been stated for explain…

Shape of the D Orbital

Shapes of orbitals are an approximate representation of boundaries in space for finding electrons occupied in that respective orbital. D orbitals are known to have a clover leaf shape or dumbbell inside where electrons can be found.

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Textbook Question

Chapter 7, Problem 48RQ

Using your own words, describe how to use the periodic table to write the electron configuration of an element.

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Chapter 7, Problem 47RQ

Chapter 7, Problem 49RQ

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The electron configuration can also be represented by writing the symbol for the occupied subshell and adding a superscript to indicate the number of electrons in that subshell. For example, consider a carbon atom having an atomic number of 6. The total number of electrons in a neutral carbon atom is 6. The electron configuration of the carbon atom represented by the orbital diagram is This electron configuration can be written as C-1111 18 28 2p 1² 28² 2p² where 1s, 2s, and 2p are the occupied subshells, and the superscript "2" is the number of electrons in each of these subshells Use the rules for determining electron configurations to write the electron configuration for Ca Express your answer in complete form in order of orbital filling. For example, 1s 2s should be entered as 15 225 2. ▸ View Available Hint(s)

Outline the electron configurations of many-electron atoms in terms of their location in the periodic table.

Addition of one electron gives the bromine atom a (less or more) stable electron configuration of [Kr], the noble gas next to it in the periodic table.Addition of an electron to a barium atom would produce a (less or more) stable electron configuration since it does not achieve the configuration of a nearby noble gas.

Chapter 7 Solutions

CHEMISTRY:MOLECULAR NATURE (LL)W/ACCESS

Ch. 7 - Practice Exercise 7.1 Helium derives its name from...Ch. 7 - Practice Exercise 7.2 Radio station KRED in...Ch. 7 - Calculate the wavelength in micrometers, m, of...Ch. 7 - Practice Exercise 7.4 Calculate the wavelength in...Ch. 7 - What is the energy of the radiation emitted when...Ch. 7 - Practice Exercise 7.6 If the energy of light...Ch. 7 - Calculate the energy of an electron in its lowest...Ch. 7 - Practice Exercise 7.8 If an electron moves from a...Ch. 7 - Practice Exercise 7.9 What are the values of n and...Ch. 7 - What subshells would be found in the shells with...

Ch. 7 - Without looking at the tables in the text, how...Ch. 7 - Prob. 12PE Ch. 7 - Practice Exercise 7.13 Draw orbital diagrams for...Ch. 7 - Practice Exercise 7.14 Use Figure 7.18 to predict...Ch. 7 - Can an dement with an even atomic number be...Ch. 7 - Practice Exercise 7.16 Use orbital diagrams to...Ch. 7 - Practice Exercise 7.17 Use the periodic table to...Ch. 7 - Use the periodic table to predict the electron...Ch. 7 - Practice Exercise 7.19 Write shorthand...Ch. 7 - Write shorthand configurations and abbreviated...Ch. 7 - Practice Exercise 7.21 Give an example of a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 22PE Ch. 7 - Prob. 23PE Ch. 7 - Practice Exercise 7.24 Use the periodic table to...Ch. 7 - Use the periodic table to select the atom with the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 26PE Ch. 7 - In general terms, why do we call light...Ch. 7 - In general, what does the term frequency imply?...Ch. 7 - What is meant by the term wavelength of light?...Ch. 7 - 7.4 Sketch a picture of a wave and label its...Ch. 7 - Which property of light waves is a measure of the...Ch. 7 - Arrange the following regions of the...Ch. 7 - 7.7 What wavelength range is covered by the...Ch. 7 - Arrange the following colors of visible light in...Ch. 7 - What is the equation that relates the wavelength...Ch. 7 - How is the frequency of a particular type of...Ch. 7 - 7.11 What is a photon? Ch. 7 - Show that the energy of a photon is given by the...Ch. 7 - Examine each of the following pairs and state...Ch. 7 - What is a quantum of energy?Ch. 7 - Prob. 15RQ Ch. 7 - Prob. 16RQ Ch. 7 - Describe Niels Bohrs model of the structure of the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 18RQ Ch. 7 - Why does the equation for the energy of an...Ch. 7 - In what way was Bohrs theory a success? How...Ch. 7 - 7.21 How does the behavior of very small particles...Ch. 7 - Describe the phenomenon called diffraction. How...Ch. 7 - What experiment could you perform to determine...Ch. 7 - 7.24 What is wave/particle duality? Ch. 7 - Prob. 25RQ Ch. 7 - What is the collapsing atom paradox?Ch. 7 - How does quantum mechanics resolve the collapsing...Ch. 7 - What are the names used to refer to the theories...Ch. 7 - What is the term used to describe a particular...Ch. 7 - What are the three properties of orbitals in which...Ch. 7 - What are the allowed values of the principal...Ch. 7 - What information does each type of quantum number...Ch. 7 - How does the value of n in the Rydberg equation...Ch. 7 - Why is (a) the d subshell in the Period 4...Ch. 7 - Why does every shell contain an s subshell?Ch. 7 - How many orbitals are found in (a) an s subshell,...Ch. 7 - 7.37 If the value of for an electron in an atom...Ch. 7 - 7.38 What physical property of electrons leads us...Ch. 7 - Explain the two magnetic properties that are...Ch. 7 - What is the Pauli exclusion principle? What effect...Ch. 7 - What are the possible values of the spin quantum...Ch. 7 - Suppose an electron in an atom has the following...Ch. 7 - Prob. 43RQ Ch. 7 - Prob. 44RQ Ch. 7 - Within any given shell, how do the energies of the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 46RQ Ch. 7 - Give the electron configurations of the elements...Ch. 7 - 7.48 Using your own words, describe how to use the...Ch. 7 - Give the correct electron configurations of (a) Cr...Ch. 7 - What is the correct electron configuration of...Ch. 7 - How are the electron configurations of the...Ch. 7 - Define the terms valence shell and valence...Ch. 7 - Why do we use probabilities when we discuss the...Ch. 7 - Sketch the approximate shape of (a) a 1s orbital...Ch. 7 - How does the size of a given type of orbital vary...Ch. 7 - How are the p orbitals of a given p subshell...Ch. 7 - What is a nodalplane? How are the number of nodal...Ch. 7 - What is a radial node? How are the number of...Ch. 7 - 7.59 How many nodal planes does a p orbital have?...Ch. 7 - On appropriate coordinate axes, sketch the shape...Ch. 7 - What is the meaning of effective nuclear charge?...Ch. 7 - *7.62 Explain why a 3s electron in Al experiences...Ch. 7 - Explain why the atomic size varies across the...Ch. 7 - Explain why cations are smaller than their...Ch. 7 - Prob. 65RQ Ch. 7 - Going from left to right in the periodic table,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 67RQ Ch. 7 - Prob. 68RQ Ch. 7 - Explain why ionization energy increases from left...Ch. 7 - Prob. 70RQ Ch. 7 - Prob. 71RQ Ch. 7 - Prob. 72RQ Ch. 7 - Why does phosphorus have a larger first ionization...Ch. 7 - Prob. 74RQ Ch. 7 - 7.75 For sulfur, write an equation for the change...Ch. 7 - 7.76 Why does Cl have a more exothermic electron...Ch. 7 - Prob. 77RQ Ch. 7 - How is electron affinity related, to effective...Ch. 7 - 7.79 What is the frequency in hertz of blue light...Ch. 7 - Ultraviolet light with a wavelength of more than...Ch. 7 - Ozone protects the earths inhabitants from the...Ch. 7 - The meter is defined as the length of the path...Ch. 7 - In New York City, radio station WCBS broadcasts...Ch. 7 - Sodium vapor lamps are often used in residential...Ch. 7 - 7.85 Calculate the energy in joules of a photon of...Ch. 7 - Calculate the energy in joules of a photon of...Ch. 7 - In the spectrum of hydrogen, there is a line with...Ch. 7 - 7.88 In the spectrum of sodium, there is a line...Ch. 7 - Use the Rydberg equation to calculate the...Ch. 7 - 7.90 Use the Rydberg equation to calculate the...Ch. 7 - Calculate the wavelength and energy in joules of...Ch. 7 - Calculate the energy in joules and the wavelength...Ch. 7 - What is the letter code for a subshell with...Ch. 7 - 7.94 What is the letter code for a subshell with...Ch. 7 - What is the value of l for (a) an f orbital and...Ch. 7 - 7.96 What is the value of for (a) a p orbital and...Ch. 7 - What are the values of n and l for the subshells:...Ch. 7 - Give the values of n and l for the subshells: (a)...Ch. 7 - For the shell with n = 6, what are the possible...Ch. 7 - 7.100 What values of are possible for a shell with...Ch. 7 - In a particular shell, the largest value of l is...Ch. 7 - What is the value of n for a shell if the largest...Ch. 7 - What are the possible values of ml for a subshell...Ch. 7 - If the value of l for an electron in an atom is 5,...Ch. 7 - If the value of ml for an electron in an atom is...Ch. 7 - How many orbitals are there in an h subshell...Ch. 7 - 7.107 Give the complete set of quantum numbers for...Ch. 7 - 7.108 Give the complete set of quantum numbers for...Ch. 7 - *7.109 In an antimony atom, how many electrons...Ch. 7 - Prob. 110RQ Ch. 7 - Give the electron configurations of...Ch. 7 - 7.112 Write the electron configurations of (a) As,...Ch. 7 - 7.113 Which of the following atoms in their ground...Ch. 7 - Which of the following atoms in their ground...Ch. 7 - Prob. 115RQ Ch. 7 - Prob. 116RQ Ch. 7 - Write the abbreviated electron configurations for...Ch. 7 - Write the abbreviated electron configurations for...Ch. 7 - Draw complete orbital diagrams for (a) Mg and (b)...Ch. 7 - Draw complete orbital diagrams for (a) As and (b)...Ch. 7 - 7.121 Draw orbital diagrams for the abbreviated...Ch. 7 - Draw orbital diagrams for the abbreviated...Ch. 7 - What is the value of n for the valence shells of...Ch. 7 - What is the value of n for the valence shells of...Ch. 7 - Give the configuration of the valence shell for...Ch. 7 - Give the configuration of the valence shell for...Ch. 7 - Draw the orbital diagram for the valence shell of...Ch. 7 - Draw the orbital diagram for the valence shell of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 129RQ Ch. 7 - Prob. 130RQ Ch. 7 - 7.131 Choose the larger atom in each pair: (a) Mg...Ch. 7 - Choose the larger atom in each pair: (a) Al or Ar;...Ch. 7 - Prob. 133RQ Ch. 7 - Place the following in order of increasing size:...Ch. 7 - Choose the larger particle in each pair:...Ch. 7 - Choose the larger particle in each pair:...Ch. 7 - Choose the atom with the larger ionization energy...Ch. 7 - Choose the atom with the larger ionization energy...Ch. 7 - Choose the atom with the more exothermic electron...Ch. 7 - Choose the atom with the more exothermic electron...Ch. 7 - 7.141 Use the periodic table to select the element...Ch. 7 - Use the periodic table to select the element in...Ch. 7 - The human ear is sensitive to sound ranging from...Ch. 7 - *7.144 Microwaves are used to heat food in...Ch. 7 - In the spectrum of hydrogen, there is a line with...Ch. 7 - *7.146 Calculate the wavelength in nanometers of...Ch. 7 - Which of the following electronic transitions...Ch. 7 - Calculate the wavelength of an electron moving at...Ch. 7 - 7.149 What, if anything, is wrong with the...Ch. 7 - 7.150 Suppose students gave the following orbital...Ch. 7 - 7.151 How many electrons are in p orbitals in an...Ch. 7 - What are the quantum numbers of the electrons that...Ch. 7 - 7.153 The removal of an electron from the hydrogen...Ch. 7 - Use orbital diagrams to illustrate what happens...Ch. 7 - *7.155 From the data available in this chapter,...Ch. 7 - 7.156 For an oxygen atom, which requires more...Ch. 7 - Write out the orbital diagram of N in the ground...Ch. 7 - The ions He+andLi2+ have line spectra that can be...Ch. 7 - A neon sign is a gas discharge tube in which...Ch. 7 - How many grams of water could have its temperature...Ch. 7 - 7.161 It has been found that when the chemical...Ch. 7 - *7.162 Using the ionization energy for sodium,...Ch. 7 - *7.163 Using photons with a wavelength of 23.7 nm,...Ch. 7 - 7.164 Our understanding of the quantum mechanical...Ch. 7 - When a copper atom loses an electron to become a...Ch. 7 - 7.166 Paired electrons cancel each others magnetic...Ch. 7 - Prob. 167RQ

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