ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781630180928
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OPENSTAX C
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Chapter 7, Problem 34CTQ
Describe a typical vertebra.
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1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine:
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
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2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0
Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…
The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?
Chapter 7 Solutions
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 7 - Watch this video...Ch. 7 - View this animation...Ch. 7 - Osteoporosis is a common age-related bone disease...Ch. 7 - Watch this animation...Ch. 7 - Use this tool...Ch. 7 - View this video...Ch. 7 - Which of the following is pact of the axial...Ch. 7 - Which of the following is a function of the axial...Ch. 7 - The axial skeleton ________. consists of 126 bones...Ch. 7 - Which of the following is a bone of the brain...
Ch. 7 - The lambdoid suture joins the parietal bone to the...Ch. 7 - The middle cranial fossa ________. is bounded...Ch. 7 - The paranasal sinuses are ________. air-filled...Ch. 7 - Parts of the sphenoid bone include the ________....Ch. 7 - The bony openings of the skull include the...Ch. 7 - The cervical region of the vertebral column...Ch. 7 - The primary curvatures of the vertebral column...Ch. 7 - A typical vertebra has ________. a vertebral...Ch. 7 - A typical lumbar vertebra has ________. a short,...Ch. 7 - Which is found only in the cervical region of the...Ch. 7 - The sternum ________. consists of only two parts,...Ch. 7 - The sternal angle is the ________. junction...Ch. 7 - The tubercle of a rib ________. is for...Ch. 7 - True ribs are ________. ribs 8-12 attached via...Ch. 7 - Embryonic development of the axial skeleton...Ch. 7 - A fontanelle ________. is the cartilage model for...Ch. 7 - Define the two divisions of the skeleton.Ch. 7 - Discuss the functions of the axial skeleton.Ch. 7 - Define and list the bones that form the brain case...Ch. 7 - Identify the major sutures of the skull, their...Ch. 7 - Describe the anterior, middle, and posterior...Ch. 7 - Describe the parts of the nasal septum in both the...Ch. 7 - Describe the vertebral column and define each...Ch. 7 - Describe a typical vertebra.Ch. 7 - Describe the sacrum.Ch. 7 - Describe the structure and function of an...Ch. 7 - Define the ligaments of the vertebral column.Ch. 7 - Define the parts and functions of the thoracic...Ch. 7 - Describe the parts of the sternum.Ch. 7 - Discuss the parts of a typical rib.Ch. 7 - Define the classes of ribs.Ch. 7 - Discuss the processes by which the brain-case...Ch. 7 - Discuss the process that gives rise to the base...Ch. 7 - Discuss the development of the vertebrae, ribs,...
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