Principles of Economics 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172364
Author: Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 30CTQ
Small “Mom and Pop firms,” like inner city grocery stores, sometimes exist even though they do not earn economic profits. How can you explain this?
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1. Lisa has $48 per week set aside for coffees (x) and lunches (z). The price of coffee is $4 and
lunches are $6. What is Lisa's budget line equation (with z on the left-hand side)? Graph the
budget line, and show how it changes when the price of lunches rise to $8 (including intercepts).
What is the new budget line equation?
2. Suppose utility for a consumer of movies (x) and golf (z) is U = 20x0.420.5. The consumer has set
aside $1000 to consumer movies and golf for a year.
a. If the price of movies is $20 and the price of golf is $40, what is the utility-maximizing
consumption of movies and golf?
b. Show the optimal consumption bundle on a graph, showing a budget line (with
intercepts), a tangent indifference curve, and the optimal choice.
3. Sam has set aside $480 for entertainment this month, which is golf (x) and/or bowling (z). A
round of golf is $40 and a night of bowling is $30. His utility function is U = 3x + 2z.
a. What is his MRS?
b. Solve for the optimal choice of golf…
Question Seven
There are specific applications of the hidden-action or moral hazard model. Consider employment
contracts signed between a firm's owners and a manager who runs the firm on behalf of the
owners. The manager is offered an employment contract which they can accept and decide how
much effort, e ≥ 0, to exert. Suppose that an increase in effort, e, increases the firm's gross profit,
not including payments to the manager, but is personally costly to the manager and the firm's gross
profit, Пg, takes the following form: Пg = e +ε, ε~N(0,2). Let s denote the salary, which may
depend on effort and/or gross profit, depending on what the owner can observe, offered as part of
the contract between the owner and manager. Suppose that the manager is risk averse and has a
utility function with respect to salary of the form:
Aσ²
U(W)=μ- 2
a) Derive the optimal result of the owner's expected net profit where there is full information and
state what it implies.
b) Suppose now that the…
Chapter 7 Solutions
Principles of Economics 2e
Ch. 7 - A firm had sales revenue of 1 million last year....Ch. 7 - Continuing from Exercise 7.1, the films factory...Ch. 7 - The WipeOut Ski Company manufactures skis for...Ch. 7 - Based on your answers to the WipeOut Ski Company...Ch. 7 - If two painters can paint 200 square feet of wall...Ch. 7 - Return to the problem explained in Table 7.13 and...Ch. 7 - Suppose the cost of machines increases to 55,...Ch. 7 - Automobile manufacturing is an industry subject to...Ch. 7 - What are explicit and implicit costs?Ch. 7 - Would you consider an interest payment on a loan...
Ch. 7 - What is die difference between accounting and...Ch. 7 - What is a production function?Ch. 7 - What is the difference between a fixed input and a...Ch. 7 - How do we calculate marginal product?Ch. 7 - What shapes would you generally expect a total...Ch. 7 - What are the factor payments for land, labor, and...Ch. 7 - What is the difference between fixed costs and...Ch. 7 - How do we calculate each of the following:...Ch. 7 - What shapes would you generally expect each of the...Ch. 7 - Are there fixed costs in the lung-run? Explain...Ch. 7 - Are fixed costs also sunk costs? Explain.Ch. 7 - What are diminishing marginal returns as they...Ch. 7 - Which costs are measured on per-unit basis: fixed...Ch. 7 - What is a production technology?Ch. 7 - In choosing a production technology, how will...Ch. 7 - What is a long-run average cost curve?Ch. 7 - What is the difference between economies of scale,...Ch. 7 - What shape of a long-run average cost curve...Ch. 7 - Why will firms in most markets be located at or...Ch. 7 - Small Mom and Pop firms, like inner city grocery...Ch. 7 - A common name for fixed cost is overhead. If you...Ch. 7 - How does fixed cost affect marginal cost? Why is...Ch. 7 - Average cost curves (except for avenge fixed cost)...Ch. 7 - What is the relationship between marginal product...Ch. 7 - It is clear that businesses operate in the short...Ch. 7 - Retune to Table 7.2. In the top half of the table,...Ch. 7 - How would an improvement in technology, like the...Ch. 7 - Do you think that the taxicab industry in large...Ch. 7 - A firm is considering an investment that will earn...Ch. 7 - Return to Figure 7.7. What is the marginal gain in...Ch. 7 - Compute the average total cost, average variable...Ch. 7 - A small company that shovels sidewalks and...
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