Chapter 7, Problem 24RQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities among paracrine signal, hormone, and cytokine.

Introduction: Endocrinology is the study of hormones. Hormones are the chemical messengers that are secreted into the blood by specialized epithelial cells. The hormones control many functions; for example, growth hormone controls the growth of the individual, estrogen, and progesterone controls secondary sexual characteristics in females and testosterone control secondary sexual characteristics in males.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between the primary and secondary endocrine pathologies.

Introduction: Endocrine pathology involves the diseases of the endocrine system. It is caused by the imbalance of hormones in the body. The hormone imbalance is caused by the excess of hormone, deficiency of the hormone, or abnormal responsiveness of target tissues to a hormone.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between hypersecretion and hyposecretion.

Introduction: The secretion of hormones in the body and its associated effects can be either exaggerated or diminished. The excessive secretion of the hormone is known as hypersecretion and secretion of hormones in little concentration is known as hyposecretion.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between anterior and posterior pituitary.

Introduction: The pituitary is a lima-bean sized structure that extends downward from the brain and is connected to it by a thin stalk and cradled in a protective pocket of bone. The pituitary is divided into two parts-anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. The pituitary gland is an important part of the immune system, and it is involved in secreting hormones into the blood stream.