The differences between the aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Given: Aerobic pathways produce more ATPs compared to anaerobic pathways. Introduction: There are two types of respiration aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic pathways utilize oxygen while anerobic pathways do not use oxygen. Glycolysis is the first step of respiration common to both aerobic and anaerobic. The end product of glycolysis, which is pyruvate has different fates in aerobic and anaerobic pathways.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 1BYB

Summary Introduction

To write:

The differences between the aerobic and anaerobic pathways.

Given:

Aerobic pathways produce more ATPs compared to anaerobic pathways.

Introduction:

There are two types of respiration aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic pathways utilize oxygen while anerobic pathways do not use oxygen. Glycolysis is the first step of respiration common to both aerobic and anaerobic. The end product of glycolysis, which is pyruvate has different fates in aerobic and anaerobic pathways.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In aerobic pathways, the 2 molecules of pyruvate produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis are converted to 2 molecules of acetyl CoA. Each molecule of acetyl CoA enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle which occurs in the mitochondria. In the Krebs cycle, the acetyl CoA undergoes sequential modifications producing NADH and FADH₂. These products then enter the electron transport chain which produces ATP, with utilization of the oxygen. Approximately, 36 molecules of ATP are produced from a single glucose molecule in the aerobic pathways.
In anaerobic pathways, the 2 molecules of pyruvate undergo fermentation process. Many cells like tumour cells and muscle cells convert pyruvate to lactate. Anaerobic organisms like yeast, convert pyruvate to acetaldehyde and acetaldehyde to ethyl alcohol. During both the processes, 2 molecules of ATP are produced. This process takes place in the cytoplasm.

One of the major differences in the aerobic and anaerobic pathways is the ATP production. Aerobic pathway is able to extract approximately 36 molecules of ATP and anaerobic pathway is able to extract only 2 molecules from each glucose molecule.

Conclusion

The aerobic pathways occur in mitochondria while anaerobic takes place in the cytoplasm. The aerobic pathway utilizes oxygen and anaerobic pathways do not use oxygen. The aerobic pathway has high energy yield compared to anaerobic pathway. Therefore, comparatively the aerobic pathways are more efficient than the anaerobic pathways.

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For short answer questions, write your answers on the line provided. To the right is the mRNA codon table to use as needed throughout the exam. First letter U บบบ U CA UUCPhe UUA UCU Phe UCC UUG Leu CUU UAU. G U UAC TV UGCys UAA Stop UGA Stop A UAG Stop UGG Trp Ser UCA UCG CCU] 0 CUC CUA CCC CAC CAU His CGU CGC Leu Pro CCA CAA Gin CGA Arg CUG CCG CAG CGG AUU ACU AAU T AUC lle A 1 ACC Thr AUA ACA AUG Mot ACG AGG Arg GUU GCU GUC GCC G Val Ala GAC Asp GGU GGC GUA GUG GCA GCG GAA GGA Gly Glu GAGJ GGG AACASH AGU Ser AAA1 AAG Lys GAU AGA CAL CALUCAO CAO G Third letter 1. (+7) Use the table below to answer the questions; use the codon table above to assist you. The promoter sequence of DNA is on the LEFT. You do not need to fill in the entire table. Assume we are in the middle of a gene sequence (no need to find a start codon). DNA 1 DNA 2 mRNA tRNA Polypeptide C Val G C. T A C a. On which strand of DNA is the template strand (DNA 1 or 2)?_ b. On which side of the mRNA is the 5' end (left or…

3. (6 pts) Fill in the boxes according to the directions on the right. Structure R-C R-COOH OH R-OH i R-CO-R' R R-PO4 R-CH3 C. 0 R' R-O-P-OH 1 OH H R-C-H R-N' I- H H R-NH₂ \H Name Properties

4. (6 pts) Use the molecule below to answer these questions and identify the side chains and ends. Please use tidy boxes to indicate parts and write the letter labels within that box. a. How many monomer subunits are shown? b. Box a Polar but non-ionizable side chain and label P c. Box a Basic Polar side chain and label BP d. Box the carboxyl group at the end of the polypeptide and label with letter C (C-terminus) H H OHHO H H 0 HHO H-N-CC-N-C-C N-C-C-N-GC-OH I H-C-H CH2 CH2 CH2 H3C-C+H CH2 CH2 OH CH CH₂ C=O OH CH2 NH2

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 1BYB

Summary Introduction

To write:

The differences between the aerobic and anaerobic pathways.

Given:

Aerobic pathways produce more ATPs compared to anaerobic pathways.

Introduction:

There are two types of respiration aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic pathways utilize oxygen while anerobic pathways do not use oxygen. Glycolysis is the first step of respiration common to both aerobic and anaerobic. The end product of glycolysis, which is pyruvate has different fates in aerobic and anaerobic pathways.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In aerobic pathways, the 2 molecules of pyruvate produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis are converted to 2 molecules of acetyl CoA. Each molecule of acetyl CoA enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle which occurs in the mitochondria. In the Krebs cycle, the acetyl CoA undergoes sequential modifications producing NADH and FADH₂. These products then enter the electron transport chain which produces ATP, with utilization of the oxygen. Approximately, 36 molecules of ATP are produced from a single glucose molecule in the aerobic pathways.
In anaerobic pathways, the 2 molecules of pyruvate undergo fermentation process. Many cells like tumour cells and muscle cells convert pyruvate to lactate. Anaerobic organisms like yeast, convert pyruvate to acetaldehyde and acetaldehyde to ethyl alcohol. During both the processes, 2 molecules of ATP are produced. This process takes place in the cytoplasm.

One of the major differences in the aerobic and anaerobic pathways is the ATP production. Aerobic pathway is able to extract approximately 36 molecules of ATP and anaerobic pathway is able to extract only 2 molecules from each glucose molecule.

Conclusion

The aerobic pathways occur in mitochondria while anaerobic takes place in the cytoplasm. The aerobic pathway utilizes oxygen and anaerobic pathways do not use oxygen. The aerobic pathway has high energy yield compared to anaerobic pathway. Therefore, comparatively the aerobic pathways are more efficient than the anaerobic pathways.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 1BYB

Summary Introduction

To write:

The differences between the aerobic and anaerobic pathways.

Given:

Aerobic pathways produce more ATPs compared to anaerobic pathways.

Introduction:

There are two types of respiration aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic pathways utilize oxygen while anerobic pathways do not use oxygen. Glycolysis is the first step of respiration common to both aerobic and anaerobic. The end product of glycolysis, which is pyruvate has different fates in aerobic and anaerobic pathways.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In aerobic pathways, the 2 molecules of pyruvate produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis are converted to 2 molecules of acetyl CoA. Each molecule of acetyl CoA enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle which occurs in the mitochondria. In the Krebs cycle, the acetyl CoA undergoes sequential modifications producing NADH and FADH₂. These products then enter the electron transport chain which produces ATP, with utilization of the oxygen. Approximately, 36 molecules of ATP are produced from a single glucose molecule in the aerobic pathways.
In anaerobic pathways, the 2 molecules of pyruvate undergo fermentation process. Many cells like tumour cells and muscle cells convert pyruvate to lactate. Anaerobic organisms like yeast, convert pyruvate to acetaldehyde and acetaldehyde to ethyl alcohol. During both the processes, 2 molecules of ATP are produced. This process takes place in the cytoplasm.

One of the major differences in the aerobic and anaerobic pathways is the ATP production. Aerobic pathway is able to extract approximately 36 molecules of ATP and anaerobic pathway is able to extract only 2 molecules from each glucose molecule.

Conclusion

The aerobic pathways occur in mitochondria while anaerobic takes place in the cytoplasm. The aerobic pathway utilizes oxygen and anaerobic pathways do not use oxygen. The aerobic pathway has high energy yield compared to anaerobic pathway. Therefore, comparatively the aerobic pathways are more efficient than the anaerobic pathways.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 1BYB

Summary Introduction

To write:

The differences between the aerobic and anaerobic pathways.

Given:

Aerobic pathways produce more ATPs compared to anaerobic pathways.

Introduction:

There are two types of respiration aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic pathways utilize oxygen while anerobic pathways do not use oxygen. Glycolysis is the first step of respiration common to both aerobic and anaerobic. The end product of glycolysis, which is pyruvate has different fates in aerobic and anaerobic pathways.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In aerobic pathways, the 2 molecules of pyruvate produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis are converted to 2 molecules of acetyl CoA. Each molecule of acetyl CoA enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle which occurs in the mitochondria. In the Krebs cycle, the acetyl CoA undergoes sequential modifications producing NADH and FADH₂. These products then enter the electron transport chain which produces ATP, with utilization of the oxygen. Approximately, 36 molecules of ATP are produced from a single glucose molecule in the aerobic pathways.
In anaerobic pathways, the 2 molecules of pyruvate undergo fermentation process. Many cells like tumour cells and muscle cells convert pyruvate to lactate. Anaerobic organisms like yeast, convert pyruvate to acetaldehyde and acetaldehyde to ethyl alcohol. During both the processes, 2 molecules of ATP are produced. This process takes place in the cytoplasm.

One of the major differences in the aerobic and anaerobic pathways is the ATP production. Aerobic pathway is able to extract approximately 36 molecules of ATP and anaerobic pathway is able to extract only 2 molecules from each glucose molecule.

Conclusion

The aerobic pathways occur in mitochondria while anaerobic takes place in the cytoplasm. The aerobic pathway utilizes oxygen and anaerobic pathways do not use oxygen. The aerobic pathway has high energy yield compared to anaerobic pathway. Therefore, comparatively the aerobic pathways are more efficient than the anaerobic pathways.

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Answer 5

Chapter 7, Problem 1BYB

Summary Introduction

To write:

The differences between the aerobic and anaerobic pathways.

Given:

Aerobic pathways produce more ATPs compared to anaerobic pathways.

Introduction:

There are two types of respiration aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic pathways utilize oxygen while anerobic pathways do not use oxygen. Glycolysis is the first step of respiration common to both aerobic and anaerobic. The end product of glycolysis, which is pyruvate has different fates in aerobic and anaerobic pathways.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In aerobic pathways, the 2 molecules of pyruvate produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis are converted to 2 molecules of acetyl CoA. Each molecule of acetyl CoA enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle which occurs in the mitochondria. In the Krebs cycle, the acetyl CoA undergoes sequential modifications producing NADH and FADH₂. These products then enter the electron transport chain which produces ATP, with utilization of the oxygen. Approximately, 36 molecules of ATP are produced from a single glucose molecule in the aerobic pathways.
In anaerobic pathways, the 2 molecules of pyruvate undergo fermentation process. Many cells like tumour cells and muscle cells convert pyruvate to lactate. Anaerobic organisms like yeast, convert pyruvate to acetaldehyde and acetaldehyde to ethyl alcohol. During both the processes, 2 molecules of ATP are produced. This process takes place in the cytoplasm.

One of the major differences in the aerobic and anaerobic pathways is the ATP production. Aerobic pathway is able to extract approximately 36 molecules of ATP and anaerobic pathway is able to extract only 2 molecules from each glucose molecule.

Conclusion

The aerobic pathways occur in mitochondria while anaerobic takes place in the cytoplasm. The aerobic pathway utilizes oxygen and anaerobic pathways do not use oxygen. The aerobic pathway has high energy yield compared to anaerobic pathway. Therefore, comparatively the aerobic pathways are more efficient than the anaerobic pathways.

Answer 6

Chapter 7, Problem 1BYB

Summary Introduction

To write:

The differences between the aerobic and anaerobic pathways.

Given:

Aerobic pathways produce more ATPs compared to anaerobic pathways.

Introduction:

There are two types of respiration aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic pathways utilize oxygen while anerobic pathways do not use oxygen. Glycolysis is the first step of respiration common to both aerobic and anaerobic. The end product of glycolysis, which is pyruvate has different fates in aerobic and anaerobic pathways.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In aerobic pathways, the 2 molecules of pyruvate produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis are converted to 2 molecules of acetyl CoA. Each molecule of acetyl CoA enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle which occurs in the mitochondria. In the Krebs cycle, the acetyl CoA undergoes sequential modifications producing NADH and FADH₂. These products then enter the electron transport chain which produces ATP, with utilization of the oxygen. Approximately, 36 molecules of ATP are produced from a single glucose molecule in the aerobic pathways.
In anaerobic pathways, the 2 molecules of pyruvate undergo fermentation process. Many cells like tumour cells and muscle cells convert pyruvate to lactate. Anaerobic organisms like yeast, convert pyruvate to acetaldehyde and acetaldehyde to ethyl alcohol. During both the processes, 2 molecules of ATP are produced. This process takes place in the cytoplasm.

One of the major differences in the aerobic and anaerobic pathways is the ATP production. Aerobic pathway is able to extract approximately 36 molecules of ATP and anaerobic pathway is able to extract only 2 molecules from each glucose molecule.

Conclusion

The aerobic pathways occur in mitochondria while anaerobic takes place in the cytoplasm. The aerobic pathway utilizes oxygen and anaerobic pathways do not use oxygen. The aerobic pathway has high energy yield compared to anaerobic pathway. Therefore, comparatively the aerobic pathways are more efficient than the anaerobic pathways.

Answer 7

Chapter 7, Problem 1BYB

Summary Introduction

To write:

The differences between the aerobic and anaerobic pathways.

Given:

Aerobic pathways produce more ATPs compared to anaerobic pathways.

Introduction:

There are two types of respiration aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic pathways utilize oxygen while anerobic pathways do not use oxygen. Glycolysis is the first step of respiration common to both aerobic and anaerobic. The end product of glycolysis, which is pyruvate has different fates in aerobic and anaerobic pathways.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In aerobic pathways, the 2 molecules of pyruvate produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis are converted to 2 molecules of acetyl CoA. Each molecule of acetyl CoA enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle which occurs in the mitochondria. In the Krebs cycle, the acetyl CoA undergoes sequential modifications producing NADH and FADH₂. These products then enter the electron transport chain which produces ATP, with utilization of the oxygen. Approximately, 36 molecules of ATP are produced from a single glucose molecule in the aerobic pathways.
In anaerobic pathways, the 2 molecules of pyruvate undergo fermentation process. Many cells like tumour cells and muscle cells convert pyruvate to lactate. Anaerobic organisms like yeast, convert pyruvate to acetaldehyde and acetaldehyde to ethyl alcohol. During both the processes, 2 molecules of ATP are produced. This process takes place in the cytoplasm.

One of the major differences in the aerobic and anaerobic pathways is the ATP production. Aerobic pathway is able to extract approximately 36 molecules of ATP and anaerobic pathway is able to extract only 2 molecules from each glucose molecule.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

The aerobic pathways occur in mitochondria while anaerobic takes place in the cytoplasm. The aerobic pathway utilizes oxygen and anaerobic pathways do not use oxygen. The aerobic pathway has high energy yield compared to anaerobic pathway. Therefore, comparatively the aerobic pathways are more efficient than the anaerobic pathways.

Answer 12

Ch. 7.1 - Explain the role of cellular respiration in a cell Ch. 7.1 - State the overall reaction for glucose breakdown.Ch. 7.1 - List the four phases of cellular respiration, and...Ch. 7.1 - Explain why cellular respiration is needed by the...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 2CYP Ch. 7.1 - Summarize the four stages of cellular respiration,...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1A Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 2A Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 1LO Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 2LO

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