Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The
Concept introduction: The
(b)
Interpretation: The
Concept introduction: The chemical reactions in which energy is released during the formation of products known as exothermic reactions. The energy released during the reaction is denoted by
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - LOOSELEAF W/CONNECT
- What is the likelihood that hydrogen (H2) will become a widely used fuel and that the hydrogen economy will become a reality? In particular, what are the advantages and disadvantages of H2 as a fuel? What would be necessary for a significant conversion to a hydrogen economy?arrow_forwardComparing the chemistry of carbon and silicon. (a) Write balanced chemical equations for the reactions of H2O() with CH4 (forming CO2 and H2) and SiH4 (forming SiO2 and H2). (b) Using thermodynamic data, calculate the standard free energy change for the reactions in (a). Is either reaction product-favored at equilibrium? (c) Look up the electronegativities of carbon, silicon, and hydrogen. What conclusion can you draw concerning the polarity of CH and SiH bonds? (d) Carbon and silicon compounds with the formulas (CH3)2CO (acetone) and [(CH3)2SiO]n (a silicone polymer) also have quite different structures. Draw Lewis structures for these species. This difference, along with the difference between structures of CO2 and SiO2, suggests a general observation about silicon compounds. Based on that observation, do you expect that a silicon compound with a structure similar to ethene (C2H4) exists?arrow_forwardFrom data in Appendix 4, calculate H, S, and G for each of the following reactions at 25C. a. CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) b. 6CO2(g)+6H2O(l)C6H12O6(s)Glucose+6O2(g) c. P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) 4H3PO4(s) d. HCl(g) + NH3(g) NH4Cl(s)arrow_forward
- The reaction that was on the screen when you started and its derivative demonstrate that the reaction enthalpy, ΔH, changes sign when a process is reversed. Consider the reaction H2O(l)→H2O(g), ΔH =44.0kJ What will ΔH be for the reaction if it is reversed?arrow_forwardCH,(9) + 2 O,(g) AH = -809.0 kJ/mol rxn Co,(9) + 2 H,0(g) ΔΗ. = -81.3 kJ 'cond 2 H,0U) Given the energy diagram above, what is AH when two moles of methane are combusted? -401.15 kJ +1604.6 kJ -802.3 kJ +802.3 kJ +401.15 kJ O -1604.6 kJarrow_forwardGiven the listed average bond energies (BE), calculate the enthalpy change for the production of one mole of methanol (CH3OH) by the following reaction. (There are two C=O double bonds in CO2) CO2(g) + 3 H2(g) → CH3OH(g) + H2O(g) B.E.C–O = 300 kJ/mol B.E.C=O = 700 kJ/mol B.E.H–H = 450 kJ/mol B.E.H–O = 500 kJ/mol B.E.H–C = 400 kJ/mol Select one: a. -250 kJ b. -950 kJ c. 950 kJ d. 50 kJ e. 250 kJarrow_forward
- Write a balanced equation for the formation of CO2(g) from C(s) and O2(g). Calculate the enthalpy change for this reaction using the following data (at 25 degrees Celsius): C(s) + 1/2 O2(g) --> CO(g) change in H = -111 kJ CO(g) + 1/2 O2(g) --> CO2(g) change in H = -394 kJ Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic?arrow_forwardUse the following information to answer question 5. Kerosene, C₁2H26(1), is a hydrocarbon used in jet fuel. The combustion of kerosene can be represented by the following equation. 2 C12H26(1) + 370₂(g) → 24 CO₂(g) + 26 H₂O(g) + 15 029.0 kJ 5. The enthalpy change for the combustion of 1.00 kg of kerosene is A. B. C. D. Not typed, just handwritte pls. -8.82 × 10¹ kJ -4.41 x 10¹ kJ +4.41 x 10¹ kJ +8.82 x 10 kJ -arrow_forward85. Propane, C3H8, is a hydrocarbon that is commonly used as a fuel. (a) Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of propane gas. (b) Calculate the volume of air at 25 °C and 1.00 atmosphere that is needed to completely combust 25.0 grams of propane. Assume that air is 21.0 percent O2 by volume. (Hint: We will see how to do this calculation in a later chapter on gases—for now use the information that 1.00 L of air at 25 °C and 1.00 atm contains 0.275 g of O2 per liter.) (c) The heat of combustion of propane is −2,219.2 kJ/mol. Calculate the heat of formation, ΔH∘fΔHf° of propane given that ΔH∘fΔHf° of H2O(l) = −285.8 kJ/mol and ΔH∘fΔHf° of CO2(g) = −393.5 kJ/mol. (d) Assuming that all of the heat released in burning 25.0 grams of propane is transferred to 4.00 kilograms of water, calculate the increase in temperature of the water.arrow_forward
- Given the following reactions Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO (s) → 2Fe (s) + 3CO2 (g) ΔH = -28.0 kJ 3Fe (s) + 4CO2 (s) → 4CO (g) + Fe3O4 (s) ΔH = +12.5 kJ the enthalpy of the reaction of Fe2O3 with CO 3Fe2O3 (s) + CO (g) → CO2 (g) + 2 Fe3O4 (s) is ________ kJ. please help explainarrow_forwardFor a reaction with ΔHo = 40 kJ/mol, decide which of the following statements is (are) true. Correct any false statement to make it true. (a) The reaction is exothermic; (b) ΔGo for the reaction is positive; (c) Keq is greater than 1; (d) the bonds in the starting materials are stronger than the bonds in the product; and (e) the product is favored at equilibrium.arrow_forwardCalculate the enthalpy of decomposing hydrogen iodide to produce hydrogen and iodine. 2HI(g) → I2(s) + H2(g) I2(s) → I2(g) ΔH⁰ = 124.8 kJ/mol I2(g) + H2(g) → 2HI(g) ΔH⁰ = - 73.0 kJ/molarrow_forward
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