Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337613316
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 6.4, Problem 7LO

Describe how environmental variables can be threats to internal validity for all studies, how some variables can threaten studies that compare different groups, and how other variables can threaten studies that compare scores for one group over time.

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Suppose we wish to compare the health status of two groups of people. What variables might we use to measure the status? What variables might we want to control in order to draw the appropriate inferences and why?
If only the median or mean incomes of the employees in a company are only reported, two companies could have the same median or mean income but very different levels of variability. Company A has several employees that make about the same amount- $1 to $3 above minimum wage. Company B has many employees who make minimum wage and several managers who are very highly paid. Checking some measure of variability, which company shows low variability in their salaries?
There are a number of factors at play when buying a new car and these factors are not the same and may have different importance for every potential buyer. Ratings have been don        e by many agencies and Consumer Reports has developed a statistic called the value score. The key variables are: five-year owner costs, overall road test scores and predicted reliability ratings. Information included in the five-year owner costs include depreciation, fuel, maintenance and repairs etc. Using 12,000 miles per year as the average distance travelled an average cost per mile is to represent costs. Toad test scores are the results of more than 50 tests and evaluations and is represented by a 100 point scale. Predicted reliability ratings (poor=1, fair=2, good=3, very good=4, and excellent=5) are based on the Consumer Reports         Annual Auto Survey. A car with a value score of 1.0 is considered to be one with an average value. A car with a value score of 2.0 is considered t be twice as good…
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