Chapter 6.3, Problem 6.6AFP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular and net ionic equation for the reaction between $25.0\text{ mL}$ of $2.00M{\text{HNO}}_3$ and $50.0\text{ mL}$ of $1.00M\text{ KOH}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Strong acids and strong bases are the substance that dissociates completely into its ions when dissolved in the solution. They dissociates completely in water to release ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ions and ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions.

Weak acids and weak bases are the substance that do not dissociates completely into its ions when dissolved in the solution. They dissociate partially in water to release ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ions and ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions.

The driving force of the acid-base reaction is the formation of gaseous product or precipitate in the reaction.

There are three types of equations that are utilized to represent an ionic reaction:

1. Molecular equation

2. Total ionic equation

3. Net ionic equation

Molecular equation represents the reactants and products of the ionic reaction in undissociated form. In total ionic reaction, all the dissociated ions that are present in the reaction mixture are represented and in net ionic reaction the useful ions that participate in reaction are represented.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

$q_{\text{rxn}}$ for the reaction between $25.0\text{ mL}$ of $2.00M{\text{HNO}}_3$ and $50.0\text{ mL}$ of $1.00M\text{ KOH}$ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Specific heat capacity $\left(c\right)$ of a substance is the amount of the heat needed to raise the temperature of $1\text{g}$ of a substance by $1\text{K}$. The formula to calculate heat required is as follows:

$q=\left(\text{mass}\right)\left(c\right)\left(\Delta T\right)$        (1)

Here,

$\Delta T$ is the temperature difference.

$q$ is the heat released or absorbed.

$c$ is the specific heat capacity of the substance.