Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 6.1, Problem 1TC
Summary Introduction
To explain: The possibility of designing one roller coaster that does not use any motors to pull the cars uphill after they were released from a high point.
Introduction: Capacity to do work is called as energy. Energy is neither be created nor destroyed. Energy is classified into two types, namely potential energy and kinetic energy. The stored form of energy is called as potential energy and energy of movement is known as kinetic energy.
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In a classic experiment, the strength of a neural stimulus and the resulting muscle
contraction are compared. A single motor neuron that sends a message to a muscle
fibre is suspended. One end is attached to the muscle fibre, and the free end of the
muscle fibre is attached to a mass. If an electrical stimulus is sufficient to cause an
impulse in the neuron, the muscle will contract and lift the mass. The following data
were obtained from the experiment.
Strength of Stimulus (mV)
Mass Lifted by Muscle (g)
1
2
10
3
10
4
Analyze the data and answer the following questions:
1. a.
Define threshold potential and illustrate your definition with a specific
example. What is the minimum stimulus required to reach the threshold
potential for this neuron?
Answer:
Explain the all-or-none response. Predict the mass that could be lifted at
4 mV of stimuli. Explain your answer.
b.
Answer:
Choose a specific example of a sensory receptor, and…
If an athlete increases their strength capability by 15% and their body mass by 20%, their ability to accelerate is:
Question 22 options:
increased
decreased
remains the same
also known as a mass-to-strength ratio
Question 23
Which of the following characteristics makes a muscular contraction the strongest at its optimal joint angle:
Question 23 options:
maximum number of myofibrils
maximum number of fasiculi
maximum number of myofilaments
maximum number of cross-bridges
The diagram represents a reversible equation at equilibrium.
Q+X#Y+Z
Which of these actions will shift the equilibrium to the right?
A. add X
B. remove A
C. add B
D. add Z
Chapter 6 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 6.1 - Energy Unleashed Much like a cars engine, the...Ch. 6.1 - define energy and work?Ch. 6.1 - define potential energy and kinetic energy and...Ch. 6.1 - State and explain the first and second laws of...Ch. 6.2 - Is glucose breakdown endergonic or exergonic? What...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 6.2 - describe how energy is captured and released by...Ch. 6.2 - explain exergonic and endergonic reactions and...Ch. 6.2 - explain activation energy?
Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 6.3 - In hope of reducing plastic waste, some towns and...Ch. 6.3 - name and describe two important energy-carrier...Ch. 6.3 - explain coupled reactions?Ch. 6.4 - Can an enzyme catalyst make an endergonic reaction...Ch. 6.4 - You may have seen the almost magical glow of...Ch. 6.4 - explain how catalysts reduce activation energy?Ch. 6.4 - explain how enzymes function as biological...Ch. 6.5 - Health Watch Lack of an Enzyme Leads to Lactose...Ch. 6.5 - describe how cells regulate the rate at which...Ch. 6.5 - explain how poisons, drugs, and environmental...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 2TCCh. 6 - Which of the following is True? a. Enzymes...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 6 - Prob. 3MCCh. 6 - Prob. 4MCCh. 6 - Prob. 5MCCh. 6 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 1RQCh. 6 - Prob. 2RQCh. 6 - Prob. 3RQCh. 6 - Prob. 4RQCh. 6 - Prob. 5RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6RQCh. 6 - Prob. 7RQCh. 6 - While vacuuming, you show off by telling a friend...Ch. 6 - Refute the following: According to evolutionary...Ch. 6 - Can a bear use all the energy contained in the...
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- Part 1 of 1- Question 1 of 1 During the actin-myosin ATP cycle, if there is no action potential on the muscle cell but lots of ATP available, which of the following statements will be true? • O A. Myosin will be attached to actin but there will be no ATP attached to the myosin head O B. ATP will have been split into ADP and Pi but a crossbridge will not have formed yet OC. The power stroke will have occurred, but no ATP can attach to the myosin head D. The crossbridge between the myosin head and actin will not breakarrow_forwardCould you help me with this question? I don't know where to start. All the information has been provided.arrow_forwardA) Describe the difference between strength and power during a squat. Provide a quantitative example that illustrates the difference. B) During a squat, the weight you have on your shoulders has a certain amount of gravitational potential energy. As you squat down and come to a stop at the bottom of the squat, some of that energy is lost. Where does it go?arrow_forward
- a toy car rolls 10 meters (m) across the floor. it takes 5 seconds (s) to cross this distance. what is the speed of this car?arrow_forwardWith regard to muscle contraction, which of the following is an INCORRECT statement with regard to the interactions of filaments that occur in the sarcomere? A. When muscles are relaxed tropomyosin blocks binding sites on actin subunits, which keeps cross-bridges from forming. B. The myosin heads conduct a power stroke motion to slide when bound to actin, to move the "thin" filaments towards the center of the sarcomere. C. During contraction, actin subunits are removed from the ends of the "thin" filaments to shorten actin polymers, thus reducing the length of the sarcomere. D. "Thick" filaments are anchored at the M-line, while "thin" filaments are anchored at the Z-line. E. Numerous myosin heads engage with the actin filaments simultaneously, such that there is no back-slipping during the contraction process.arrow_forwardWhat was the momentum or “impetus” of the above moving object before its collision? 252 kilogram-meters per second 168 kilogram-meters per second 120 kilogram-meters per second 84 kilogram-meters per second 28 kilogram-meters per secondarrow_forward
- Which of the following happens last in the sliding filament theory? A. Tropomyosin Shifts B. Calcium binds to troponin C. Myosin binds to actin D. Myosin heads undergo the powerstrokearrow_forwardYou are helping Eldon Tyrell create replicants to work in off-world colonies. You want to design muscle cells that can produce the most tension. These muscle cells will have an abundant amount of: Moments that will be lost in time, like tears in rain... Sarcolemma Mitochondria O Myofibrilarrow_forwardDuring muscle contraction, some energy is supplied from creatine phosphate. Which of the following events occurs during the breakdown of creatine phosphate? Question 6 options: a ATP molecules breakdown producing ADP + P groups. b ATP molecules are formed when P groups are bonded to ADP. c ADP molecules break down producing AMP + P groups. d ADP molecules are formed when P groups are bonded to AMParrow_forward
- Which of the following statements best describes the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction? a. Actin and myosin filaments do not shorten, but rather, slide past each other. b. Actin and myosin filaments shorten and slide past each other. c. As they slide past each other, actin filaments shorten, but myosin filaments do not shorten. d. As they slide past each other, myosin filaments shorten, but actin filaments do not shorten.arrow_forwardOption A is wrong, please give correct answerarrow_forwardWe move a lot and do not even realize how intricate these movements may be from gross motor to fine motor manipulations. Briefly explain the steps involved in a single muscle contraction beginning at the neuromuscular junction through one complete contraction and relaxation for the sliding filament theory. Don’t forget to include all the major proteins (actin, myosin, troponin and tropomyosin) involved as well as calcium and ATP.arrow_forward
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