Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 6.1, Problem 1CSC
Energy Unleashed
Much like a car’s engine, the marathoner’s muscles are only about 20% efficient in converting chemical energy into movement; much of the other 80% is lost as heat. Sweating helps to prevent overheating because the water in sweat absorbs large amounts of heat as it evaporates. But even while Sitting at the computer and doing other non-sweaty activities, we still bum energy, just to stay alive. Where does this energy come from?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Why is so little ATP stored in the muscle cells?
High levels of ATP would get broken down quickly resulting in the
muscle cell overheating.
ATP is a heavy molecule.
ATP regeneration requires very little energy.
The cell does not need much ATP to function.
A swimmer competes in a race that will take approximately five minutes to complete after three minutes how will the swimmer preferentially make ATP?
phosphagen system
aerobically
anaerpbically
The role of creatine phosphate in muscle cells is to:
provide energy for muscles during extended physical activity (greater than 20 minutes)
split glucose in two
accept electrons
"recharge" spent ATP in the first several seconds of a muscle contraction
shuttle H atoms to the ETC
Chapter 6 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 6.1 - Energy Unleashed Much like a cars engine, the...Ch. 6.1 - define energy and work?Ch. 6.1 - define potential energy and kinetic energy and...Ch. 6.1 - State and explain the first and second laws of...Ch. 6.2 - Is glucose breakdown endergonic or exergonic? What...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 6.2 - describe how energy is captured and released by...Ch. 6.2 - explain exergonic and endergonic reactions and...Ch. 6.2 - explain activation energy?
Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 6.3 - In hope of reducing plastic waste, some towns and...Ch. 6.3 - name and describe two important energy-carrier...Ch. 6.3 - explain coupled reactions?Ch. 6.4 - Can an enzyme catalyst make an endergonic reaction...Ch. 6.4 - You may have seen the almost magical glow of...Ch. 6.4 - explain how catalysts reduce activation energy?Ch. 6.4 - explain how enzymes function as biological...Ch. 6.5 - Health Watch Lack of an Enzyme Leads to Lactose...Ch. 6.5 - describe how cells regulate the rate at which...Ch. 6.5 - explain how poisons, drugs, and environmental...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 2TCCh. 6 - Which of the following is True? a. Enzymes...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 6 - Prob. 3MCCh. 6 - Prob. 4MCCh. 6 - Prob. 5MCCh. 6 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 1RQCh. 6 - Prob. 2RQCh. 6 - Prob. 3RQCh. 6 - Prob. 4RQCh. 6 - Prob. 5RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6RQCh. 6 - Prob. 7RQCh. 6 - While vacuuming, you show off by telling a friend...Ch. 6 - Refute the following: According to evolutionary...Ch. 6 - Can a bear use all the energy contained in the...
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- Why do you think a person is able to perform anaerobic exercise (such as lifting and holding a heavy weight) only briefly but can sustain aerobic exercise (such as walking or swimming) for long periods? (Hint: Muscles have limited energy stores.)arrow_forwardWhat type(s) of ATP producing pathway(s) do animal cells utilize? only fermentation only aerobic cellular respiration only anaerobic cellular respiration BOTH aerobic cellular respiration and fermentation BOTH anaerobic cellular respiration and aerobic cellular respirationarrow_forwardThe thermoregulation center found in thalamus. " False True The chemical bonds of a living organism which can create new molecules are the following --------* Peptide bonds Covalent bonds Hydrogen bonds lonic bonds All body membranes attached to basement membrane by* hemidesmosomes gap junction adhesion belt desmosomes The skeletal system has this primary functions as--- Gard exit and entrance Protection leverage Blood cells productionarrow_forward
- Skeletal muscles, which move bones, consist of cells fused into long fibers. These muscle fibers differ in how they make ATP. Red muscle fibers use aerobic respiration to generate ATP. Red muscle fibers have greater endurance because they can continue to generate ATP as long as they continue to get oxygen. White muscle fibers use anaerobic respiration to generate ATP. White muscle fibers can generate ATP very quickly for short bursts of energy but they cannot sustain this for long periods of time. Red muscle fibers are darker in color than white muscle fibers. This difference in color is partially because red muscle fibers have many more mitochondria than white muscle fibers, and the mitochondria require a large number of myoglobin proteins. Myoglobin proteins help transport oxygen to the mitochondria and create the deep red color of red muscle fibers. Which of the following statements correctly describes why white muscle fibers do not need as many mitochondria as red muscle fibers?…arrow_forwardWhen an animal dies, its limbs and body become stiff because its muscles go into rigor mortis (literally, rigor mortis means “stiffness of death”). Why would the loss of ATP following death cause this to happen?arrow_forwardA young female university track athlete decides that she wants to run a marathon (over 42 km!!!) when she has only ever run 10km during training. She experiences a lot of pain and fatigue toward the end of her marathon. Explain how cell metabolism, musculoskeletal, and/or nervous system may be involved toward the end of her race.arrow_forward
- The reason you breathe heavily while exercising is that your body is trying to take in oxygen to fuel aerobic respiration and generate enough ATP to replenish the ATP you use during exercise. If you are exercising vigorously, the need for ATP might be greater than the amount of oxygen you can inhale. In this situation, your body cells generate ATP through lactate fermentation. As you continue vigorous exercise, your muscles might begin to "burn," causing you to stop and rest. This burning sensation is the result of a chemical buildup in your muscle cells. Based on this information, which of the following chemicals likely causes pain in over-exercised muscles? A. Lactate B. NADH C. Ethanolarrow_forwardEndothermic animals can maintain consistent temperature conditions by generating, main- taining, and regulating their body heat. Which of the following describes the most likely mechanism by which endothermic ani- mals generate their body heat? A Chloroplasts that normally produce glucose molecules instead produce heat energy when required. B с D Catabolic reactions that provide usable chemical energy also produce heat. Enzymes that reduce the activation energy apply energy difference toward heat production. Lysosomes that normally digest nutrients and other intracellular material can be used to initiate apoptosis and thereby generate heat.arrow_forwardProper chemical formula for aerobic cellular respiration? CO2 + H2O --> glucose + oxygen C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATParrow_forward
- Fill in the blanks using the words provided, each word will only be used onceCellular respiration, energy, ATP, Glucose, Oxygen, Chemical, stored, heat. Directions: Complete the paragraph below to explain why your body gets warm during a workout. Using the words above When you workout, your cells need ____ for muscle contraction. In order to get this, your body will carry out a process called ____. During this process, _____ (from food) is broken down in the presence of _____ to make the usable form of energy for cells, called ______. This process converts ______ energy from the bonds of food molecules into energy that is _____ (potential energy) in ATP molecules. The process also releases _____ (thermal) energy, which is why you feel warm. Your body carries out this amazing process to fuel your workouts!arrow_forwardWhich of the following are the final by products of glucose oxidation during aerobic cell respiration? ATP only Heat only Carbon dioxide only Both ATP and heat only ATP, heat, and carbon dioxidearrow_forwardClaude Bernard, a nineteenth-century French physiologist often considered the father of modern animal physiology, is still remembered today for his famous dictum: “Constancy of the internal environment is the condition for free life.” Does the study of thermal relations lend support to his dictum? Explain.arrow_forward
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