ELECTRICITY FOR TRADES (LOOSELEAF)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260437454
Author: Petruzella
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6.1, Problem 14RQ
State one advantage and one limitation of a voltage tester.
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A3 m long cantilever ABC is built-in at A, partially supported at B, 2 m from A,
with a force of 10 kN and carries a vertical load of 20 kN at C. A uniformly distributed
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(a) the values of the vertical reaction and built-in moment at A and
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Develop an expression for the slope of the beam at any position and hence plot a slope diagram.
E = 208GN / (m ^ 2) and 1 = 24 * 10 ^ - 6 * m ^ 4
7. Consider the following feedback system with a proportional controller.
K
G(s)
The plant transfer function is given by
G(s) =
10
(s + 2)(s + 10)
You want the system to have a damping ratio of 0.3 for unit step response. What is the
value of K you need to choose to achieve the desired damping ratio? For that value of
K, find the steady-state error for ramp input and settling time for step input.
Hint: Sketch the root locus and find the point in the root locus that intersects with z =
0.3 line.
Create the PLC ladder logic diagram
for the logic gate circuit displayed in
Figure 7-35. The pilot light red (PLTR)
output section has three inputs: PBR,
PBG, and SW. Pushbutton red (PBR)
and pushbutton green (PBG) are inputs
to an XOR logic gate. The output of the
XOR logic gate and the inverted switch
SW) are inputs to a two-input AND
logic gate. These inputs generate the
pilot light red (PLTR) output.
The two-input AND logic gate output
is also fed into a two-input NAND logic
PBR
PBG
SW
TSW
PLTR
Figure 7-35. Logic gate circuit for Example 7-3.
PLTW
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher
gate. The temperature switch (TSW) is the other input to the NAND logic gate. The output generated from
the NAND logic gate is labeled pilot light white (PLTW).
Chapter 6 Solutions
ELECTRICITY FOR TRADES (LOOSELEAF)
Ch. 6.1 - Explain how measurements are made using an analog...Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 2RQCh. 6.1 - Name the three basic metering functions that can...Ch. 6.1 - What is the purpose of the multimeter function...Ch. 6.1 - What is the purpose of the multimeter range...Ch. 6.1 - An analog voltmeter uses a single scale calibrated...Ch. 6.1 - Unlike analog multimeters, digital multimeters...Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 8RQCh. 6.1 - How are voltmeters connected relative to the...Ch. 6.1 - Digital voltmeters have little or no loading...
Ch. 6.1 - A digital multimeter is used to measure a DC...Ch. 6.1 - Define voltage drop.Ch. 6.1 - How are ground-referenced voltage measurements...Ch. 6.1 - State one advantage and one limitation of a...Ch. 6.1 - A noncontact voltage detector is to be used to...Ch. 6.1 - When measuring voltages and currents of unknown...Ch. 6.1 - How must ammeters be connected relative to the...Ch. 6.1 - Ammeters are required to have very low resistance...Ch. 6.1 - What is the advantage of taking a current reading...Ch. 6.1 - Explain how a clamp-on ammeter measures current...Ch. 6.1 - While attempting a voltage measurement across a...Ch. 6.1 - A clamp-on ammeter is to be used to determine the...Ch. 6.2 - What four basic components make up the internal...Ch. 6.2 - How is the pointer of an analog-type ohmmeter set...Ch. 6.2 - Series analog ohmmeters have nonlinear scales....Ch. 6.2 - What does a resistance reading of OL on a digital...Ch. 6.2 - A multimeter set to measure resistance is...Ch. 6.2 - When doing in-circuit component resistance...Ch. 6.2 - Explain the purpose of the multimeter continuity...Ch. 6.2 - An ohmmeter is connected across the two leads of a...Ch. 6.2 - Convert each of the following digital multimeter...Ch. 6.2 - Give an example of what might cause the occurrence...Ch. 6.2 - What energy-level category of multimeter is...Ch. 6.2 - A simple resistance measurement is made to test...Ch. 6.2 - What type of hand protection may be required when...Ch. 6.2 - Compare the input impedance of analog and digital...Ch. 6.2 - Define meter accuracy.Ch. 6.2 - Define meter resolution.Ch. 6.2 - What protection is afforded by the fuse connected...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 18RQCh. 6.2 - The diode test function of a DMM is to be used to...Ch. 6.2 - Under what condition will true RMS and averaging...
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- Imaginary Axis (seconds) 1 6. Root locus for a closed-loop system with L(s) = is shown below. s(s+4)(s+6) 15 10- 0.89 0.95 0.988 0.988 -10 0.95 -15 -25 0.89 20 Root Locus 0.81 0.7 0.56 0.38 0.2 5 10 15 System: sys Gain: 239 Pole: -0.00417 +4.89 Damping: 0.000854 Overshoot (%): 99.7 Frequency (rad/s): 4.89 System: sys Gain: 16.9 Pole: -1.57 Damping: 1 Overshoot (%): 0 Frequency (rad/s): 1.57 0.81 0.7 0.56 0.38 0.2 -20 -15 -10 -5 5 10 Real Axis (seconds) From the values shown in the figure, compute the following. a) Range of K for which the closed-loop system is stable. b) Range of K for which the closed-loop step response will not have any overshoot. Note that when all poles are real, the step response has no overshoot. c) Smallest possible peak time of the system. Note that peak time is the smallest when wa is the largest for the dominant pole. d) Smallest possible settling time of the system. Note that peak time is the smallest when σ is the largest for the dominant pole.arrow_forwardFor a band-rejection filter, the response drops below this half power point at two locations as visualised in Figure 7, we need to find these frequencies. Let's call the lower frequency-3dB point as fr and the higher frequency -3dB point fH. We can then find out the bandwidth as f=fHfL, as illustrated in Figure 7. 0dB Af -3 dB Figure 7. Band reject filter response diagram Considering your AC simulation frequency response and referring to Figure 7, measure the following from your AC simulation. 1% accuracy: (a) Upper-3db Frequency (fH) = Hz (b) Lower-3db Frequency (fL) = Hz (c) Bandwidth (Aƒ) = Hz (d) Quality Factor (Q) =arrow_forwardP 4.4-21 Determine the values of the node voltages V1, V2, and v3 for the circuit shown in Figure P 4.4-21. 29 ww 12 V +51 Aia ww 22. +21 ΖΩ www ΖΩ w +371 ①1 1 Aarrow_forward
- 1. What is the theoretical attenuation of the output voltage at the resonant frequency? Answer to within 1%, or enter 0, or infinity (as “inf”) Attenuation =arrow_forwardWhat is the settling time for your output signal (BRF_OUT)? For this question, We define the settling time as the period of time it has taken for the output to settle into a steady state - ie when your oscillation first decays (aka reduces) to less than approximately 1/20 (5%) of the initial value. (a) Settling time = 22 μs Your last answer was interpreted as follows: Incorrect answer. Check 22 222 What is the peak to peak output voltage (BRF_OUT pp) at the steady state condition? You may need to use the zoom function to perform this calculation. Select a time point that is two times the settling time you answered in the question above. Answer to within 10% accuracy. (a) BRF_OUT pp= mVpp As you may have noticed, the output voltage amplitude is a tiny fraction of the input voltage, i.e. it has been significantly attenuated. Calculate the attenuation (decibels = dB) in the output signal as compared to the input based on the formula given below. Answer to within 1% accuracy.…arrow_forwardmy previous answers for a,b,d were wrong a = 1050 b = 950 d=9.99 c was the only correct value i got previously c = 100hz is correctarrow_forward
- V₁(t) ww ZRI ZLI ZL2 ZTH Zci VTH Zc21 Figure 8. Circuit diagram showing calculation approach for VTH and Z TH we want to create a blackbox for the red region, we want to use the same input signal conditions as previously the design of your interference ector circuit: Sine wave with a 1 Vpp, with a frequency of 100 kHz (interference) Square wave with 2.4Vpp, with a frequency of 10 kHz (signal) member an AC Thevenin equivalent is only valid at one frequency. We have chosen to calculate the Thevenin equivalent circuit (and therefore the ackbox) at the interference frequency (i.e. 100 kHz), and the signal frequency (i.e. 10 kHz) as these are the key frequencies to analyse. Your boss is assured you that the waveform converter module has been pre-optimised to the DAB Receiver if you use the recommended circuit topology.arrow_forwardVs(t) + v(t) + vi(t) ZR ZL Figure 1: Second order RLC circuit Zc + ve(t) You are requested to design the circuit shown in Figure 1. The circuit is assumed to be operating at its resonant frequency when it is fed by a sinusoidal voltage source Vs (t) = 2sin(le6t). To help design your circuit you have been given the value of inductive reactance ZL = j1000. Assume that the amplitude of the current at resonance is Is (t) = 2 mA. Based on this information, answer the following to help design your circuit. Use cartesian notation for your answers, where required.arrow_forwardWhat is the attenuation at the resonant frequency? You should use the LTSpice cursors for your measurement. Answer to within 1% accuracy, or enter 0, or infinity (as "inf") (a) Attenuation (dB) = dB Check You may have noticed that it was significantly easier to use frequency-domain "AC" simulation to measure the attenuation, compared to the steps we performed in the last few questions. (i.e. via a time-domain "transient" simulation). AC analysis allows us to observe and quantify large scale positive or negative changes in a signal of interest across a wide range of different frequencies. From the response you will notice that only frequencies that are relatively close to 100 kHz have been attenuated. This is the result of the Band-reject filter you have designed, and shows the 'rejection' (aka attenuation) of any frequencies that lie in a given band. The obvious follow-up question is how do we define this band? We use a quantity known as the bandwidth. A commonly used measurement for…arrow_forward
- V₁(t) ww ZRI ZLI ZL2 ZTH Zci VTH Zc21 Figure 8. Circuit diagram showing calculation approach for VTH and Z TH we want to create a blackbox for the red region, we want to use the same input signal conditions as previously the design of your interference ector circuit: Sine wave with a 1 Vpp, with a frequency of 100 kHz (interference) Square wave with 2.4Vpp, with a frequency of 10 kHz (signal) member an AC Thevenin equivalent is only valid at one frequency. We have chosen to calculate the Thevenin equivalent circuit (and therefore the ackbox) at the interference frequency (i.e. 100 kHz), and the signal frequency (i.e. 10 kHz) as these are the key frequencies to analyse. Your boss is assured you that the waveform converter module has been pre-optimised to the DAB Receiver if you use the recommended circuit topology.arrow_forwardVs(t) + v(t) + vi(t) ZR ZL Figure 1: Second order RLC circuit Zc + ve(t) You are requested to design the circuit shown in Figure 1. The circuit is assumed to be operating at its resonant frequency when it is fed by a sinusoidal voltage source Vs (t) = 2sin(le6t). To help design your circuit you have been given the value of inductive reactance ZL = j1000. Assume that the amplitude of the current at resonance is Is (t) = 2 mA. Based on this information, answer the following to help design your circuit. Use cartesian notation for your answers, where required.arrow_forwardFor a band-rejection filter, the response drops below this half power point at two locations as visualised in Figure 7, we need to find these frequencies. Let's call the lower frequency-3dB point as fr and the higher frequency -3dB point fH. We can then find out the bandwidth as f=fHfL, as illustrated in Figure 7. 0dB Af -3 dB Figure 7. Band reject filter response diagram Considering your AC simulation frequency response and referring to Figure 7, measure the following from your AC simulation. 1% accuracy: (a) Upper-3db Frequency (fH) = Hz (b) Lower-3db Frequency (fL) = Hz (c) Bandwidth (Aƒ) = Hz (d) Quality Factor (Q) =arrow_forward
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