EBK BIOLOGY
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134819150
Author: Maier
Publisher: VST
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Chapter 6, Problem 9LTB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Interphase is a phase which takes place before and after mitosis of the cell cycle, i.e., between two mitotic divisions. Interphase contains three different phases which are G1, S and G2.
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Draw and label G1 and G2 stages of interphase and each stage of mitosis (in order) for a cell that has two large and two small chromosomes, 2n=4. For unreplicated chromosome draw a line ( / ) and for replicated chromosome draw an X. Since we are focusing on the DNA, you can skip drawing the nuclear membrane or spindle fibers. For simplicity, do not indicate that the chromosomes are decondensed chromatin during interphase. Mark and label a place on one of the large chromosomes with the dominant allele of the “A” gene and put the recessive allele “a” on the other homolog. Mark and label a place on one of the small chromosomes with allele “B” and put the recessive allele “b” on the other homolog.
The following diagram is meant to help you understand how the amount of DNA in a cell changes as the cell cycle progresses. On the diagram, identify two of the stages of the cell
cycle being described and identify how much DNA exists per cell, where a cell is defined as a distinct nucleus. Note that the sequence of images highlights one of the chromosomes
of the cell. The other chromosomes, while also present, are faded in the background.
Stage in Cell Cycle:
A
Status of Chromosomes: (Only one of the chromosomes is intensely colored)
NANA
INNNNNNN
wwwww
wwwNYA
wwwww
WXXXX
VANNNNNN
www
Amount of DNA Per Cell:
C
NNNNA
NNNNNN
WWXXXXX
NNNNNNE
WNNNN
www
B
NNNNN
Between 1X and 2X
2X
D
1X
Mitotic nondisjunction can occur, particularly in tumor cells.
Assume a single nondisjunction event involving the X chromosome occurs in a cell undergoing mitosis in a human female.
First, consider the daughter cell with the smaller number of chromosomes:
How many total chromosomes will this cell have?
How many X chromosomes will this cell have?
Next, consider the daughter cell with the larger number of chromosomes:
How many total chromosomes will this cell have?
How many X chromosomes will this cell have?
Chapter 6 Solutions
EBK BIOLOGY
Ch. 6 - Describe three ways that cancer cells differ from...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2LTBCh. 6 - A cell that begins mitosis with 46 chromosomes...Ch. 6 - The centromere is a region at which ___________....Ch. 6 - Prob. 5LTBCh. 6 - At metaphase of mitosis, ___________. the...Ch. 6 - Sister chromatids ___________. are two different...Ch. 6 - DNA polymerase ___________. attaches sister...Ch. 6 - Prob. 9LTBCh. 6 - In what ways is the cell cycle similar in plant...
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- Discuss Concepts Eukaryotic chromosomes can be labeled by exposing cells to radioactive thymidine during the S phase of interphase. If cells are exposed to radioactive thymidine during the S phase, would you expect both or only one of the sister chromatids of a duplicated chromosome to be labeled at metaphase of the following mitosis (see Section 10.2)?arrow_forwardPlease answer b, d and e Leave out c!!!arrow_forwardYou isolate a cell from a yeast species (a eukaryote) where n = 8, apply a chemical that forces chromosomes to condense, and then make a karyotype. You observe a cell with 16 DNA molecules. The stage of this cell: (A) [Select] [ Select] (B) [Select] and each chromosome is made up of [Select] [Select] (C) [Select] be G1 of the cell cycle, because at that stage the cell is O [Select] and so has [Select] and each chromosome is made up of [Select] and so has [Select] be Metaphase of Mitosis, because at that stage the cell is chromosomes and so has [Select] chromatid(s). and each chromosome is made up of [Select ] chromosomes chromatid(s). ✪ be Prophase II of Meiosis, because at that stage the cell is ↑ chromosomes ? chromatid(s),arrow_forward
- ● ● Illustrate the chromosome changes in interphase and mitosis using a diploid cell that is 2n=4 (two large and two small chromosomes). Label the circles as G1 and G2 stages of interphase and each phase of mitosis (in order). Draw the chromosome in each circle using the following guidelines. 1) For unreplicated chromosome draw a line (/) and for replicated chromosome draw an X. 2) For simplicity, do not indicate that the chromosomes are decondensed chromatin during interphase. 3) Skip drawing the nuclear membrane or spindle fibers, since we are focusing on the chromosomes. Label genes in the resulting daughter cells as A/a and B/b. (These letters represent genes which are at particular places along the DNA molecule. Each chromosomes can have a thousand genes but we are focusing on these two.) Ask me Qs in class if anythign on this is not clear.arrow_forwardcell type: 9) Label the figure below. Chromosome number: cytokinesis by: division type: А- В- С- D- E- the halves the number of chromosomes, and at the same time, stage. The result is 10) daughter cells event that causes genetic diversity takes place in called (n? 2n?). An organism with two of each kind of chromosome is said to be: (3) tetraploid (1) haploid (2) diploid (4) polyploid. In multicellular organisms, mitosis results in: (1) reproduction (2) growth and repair (3) sperm and egg production (4) fertilization. If an organism produced an egg that had 20 chromosomes, the body cells of that organism should have: (1) 10 chromosomes (2) 20 chromosomes (3) 30 chromosomes (4) 40 chromosomes. 11) is what helps us grow and is why we are all unique! Human female karyotype contains .... (number) pairs autosomal and sex chromosomes. separate to go opposite poles in Anaphase in mitosis, while in Meiosis in AnaphaseI. (how many?) 12) If a diploid parent cell with 8 chromosomes (2n=8)…arrow_forwardExplain why we can say that M-phase of the cell-cycle is triggered by a positive feedback loop. a) What would the consequences be if cohesins were working normally but condensins were not? and b) what stage of the cell cycle would this cause problems in? Why is it important for the centrosome to duplicate during G1-G2 (interphase) before M phase? The kinetochores serve as a link between the sister chromatids and the microtubules attached to the mitotic spindle. a) How are microtubules still able to exhibit dynamic instability after they are bound to the sister chromatids and b) why is this important to mitosis? As the name suggests, the Anaphase-promoting-complex (APC), promotes the 4th phase of mitosis by separating the sister chromatids so they can travel to separate poles of the cell, and prevents them from being re-zipped together. Describe how APC does these two things (Hint: one involves M-cyclin and the other involves…arrow_forward
- Help with the following questionsarrow_forwardif there are 9 chromosome pairs that undergo mitosis and meiosis, - how many chromatids are there in Prophase? -What is the chromosome number at Metaphase? -How many centromeres are there in Metaphase I? -How many univalents per pole at Anaphase? -What is the chormosome number at Telophase and Telophase I after cytokinesis?arrow_forwardAssume that the diploid number of a certain species is four chromosomes, two large and two small (2n=4). a) Of the following figures, which represents a 3n (triploid) cell in mitotic metaphase? b) For each of the wrong answers from part (a) above, explain briefly why it cannot represent a triploid cell in mitotic metaphase.arrow_forward
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