Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305112100
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 6, Problem 7SQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Nerve cells such as somatic motor neuron transmit nerve signals from spinal cord or brain to control the activity of the skeletal muscle. The axon of each motor neuron divides to form individual branches to innervate skeletal muscle fibers.
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The actual contractile units of muscle, called _____, extend from middle of one _____ to middle of next along length of myofibrils.
A.
T tubule, M line
B.
sarcoplasmic reticulum, H zone
C.
sarcomeres, I band
D.
sarcolemma, A band
In relaxed muscle, the myosin-binding site on actin is blocked by ________. a. titin b. troponin c. myoglobin d. tropomyosin
The muscles of a professional marathon runner are most likely to have ________.a. 80 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 20 percent slow-twitch muscle fibersb. 20 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 80 percent slow-twitch muscle fibersc. 50 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 50 percent slow-twitch muscle fibersd. 40 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 60 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
Chapter 6 Solutions
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 6 - In a general sense, how do skeletal muscles...Ch. 6 - In the diagram below, label the fine structure of...Ch. 6 - How do actin and myosin interact in a sarcomere to...Ch. 6 - How does a muscle fiber incur an oxygen debt?Ch. 6 - What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum...Ch. 6 - Explain why (a) calcium ions and (b) ACh are vital...Ch. 6 - What is a motor unit? Why does a rapid series of...Ch. 6 - What are the structural and functional differences...Ch. 6 - Prob. 1SQCh. 6 - Prob. 2SQ
Ch. 6 - Prob. 3SQCh. 6 - The _____ is the basic unit of muscle contraction....Ch. 6 - Skeletal muscle contraction requires _________. a....Ch. 6 - Nerve impulses first stimulate a skeletal muscle...Ch. 6 - Prob. 7SQCh. 6 - Prob. 8SQCh. 6 - Prob. 9SQCh. 6 - Prob. 10SQCh. 6 - You are training athletes for the 100-meter dash....Ch. 6 - Prob. 2CTCh. 6 - Prob. 3CTCh. 6 - At the gym Sean gets on a stair-climbing machine...
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- Muscle relaxation occurs when ________. a. calcium ions are actively transported out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum b. calcium ions diffuse out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum c. calcium ions are actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum d. calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasmic reticulumarrow_forwardThe muscles of a professional sprinter are most likely to have ________.a. 80 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 20 percent slow-twitch muscle fibersb. 20 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 80 percent slow-twitch muscle fibersc. 50 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 50 percent slow-twitch muscle fibersd. 40 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 60 percent slow-twitch muscle fibersarrow_forwardIn muscle contraction, when nervous stimulation ___, it causes Ca2+ to be ___ the sarcoplasmic reticulum. a. stops; pumped back to b. begins; pumped from c. stops; pumped from d. a and b e. b and carrow_forward
- The structure (a specialized synapse) that allows neurons to control our skeletal muscle fibers is called the: 19. A. sarcolemma extracellular inard B. neuromuscular junction C. sarcoplasmic reticulum D. cross-bridge axiom arcople acellarrow_forwardDuring muscle contraction, the cross-bridge detaches when ________.a. the myosin head binds to an ADP moleculeb. the myosin head binds to an ATP moleculec. calcium ions bind to troponind. calcium ions bind to actinarrow_forwardThe muscle relaxes if no new nerve signal arrives. However the neurotransmitter from the previous stimulation is still present in the synapse. The activity of ________ helps to remove this neurotransmitter. a. myosin b. action potential c. tropomyosin d. acetylcholinesterasearrow_forward
- During muscle contraction, calicum ions bind to A. Actin Filaments B. Tropomyosin C. Troponin D. Myosin Filamentsarrow_forwardWhich region of the sarcomere does not change length between muscle relaxation and muscle contraction A. A band B. Z disc C. I Band D. H Zonearrow_forwardMuscle contractions where the muscle shortens but tension remains constant are called A. isometric B. hypermetric C. hypotonic D. isotonic E. hypertonicarrow_forward
- if, in a laboratory, a skeletal muscle cell receives a single stimulus to contract, it produces a single muscle twitch. If we quickly fire another stimulus for the muscle to contract, prior to the muscle fully relaxing, then we have a condition of: A. seizure B. none of the above C. complete tetanus D. temporal summation E. relaxation The _________________ phase of the Sliding Filament Model of Contraction occurs when myosin and actin separate from one another. A. cocking of the myosin head B. cross bridge detachment C. cross bridge formation D. action potential E. calcium release During contraction, the bulk of calcium comes from the?arrow_forwardUnlike skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells________." A do not use the sliding filament mechanism of contraction B are not striated C do not rely on an influx of Ca+2 for contraction to occur D do not require neural stimulation to contractarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the microscopic structure of smooth muscle fibers is incorrect? a. smooth muscle cells lack myofibrils, sarcomere, and t-tubules b. smooth muscle cells contain endomysium only c. smooth muscles cells contain caveolae that sequesters calcium ions d. all of the above e. none of the abovearrow_forward
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