EBK BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780100456969
Author: Chatterjee
Publisher: YUZU
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- One of the important uses of the Nernst equation is in describing the flow of ions across plasma membranes. Ions move under the influence of two forces: the concentration gradient (given in electrical units by the Nernst equation) and the electrical gradient (given by the membrane voltage). This is summarized by Ohms law: Ix=Gx(VmEx) which describes the movement of ion x across the membrane. I is the current in amperes (A); G is the conductance, a measure of the permeability of x, in Siemens (S), which is I/V;Vm is the membrane voltage; and Ex is the equilibrium potential of ion x. Not only does this equation tell how large the current is, but it also tells what direction the current is flowing. By convention, a negative value of the current represents either a positive ion entering the cell or a negative ion leaving the cell. The opposite is true of a positive value of the current. a. Using the following information, calculate the magnitude of Na [ Na+ ]0=145mM,[ Na+ ]i=15mM,Gna+=1nS,Vm=70mV b. Is Na+ entering or leaving the cell? c. Is Na+ moving with or against the concentration gradient? Is it moving with or against the electrical gradient?arrow_forwardPlasma contains more sodium than chloride. How can this be if individual ions of sodium and chloride exactly balance each other out, and plasma is electrically neutral?arrow_forwardUsing the Nernst equation, calculate the equilibrium potential for Ca2 and for C1 from the following sets of data: a. Given [ Ca2+ ]0=1mM,[ Ca2+ ]i=100nM, find Eca2+ b. Given [ Cl- ]0=110mM,[ Cl- ]i=100mM, find Eclarrow_forward
- The major anion in extracellular fluid is ________. sodium potassium chloride bicarbonatearrow_forwardWhy do electrolyte ions move across membranes by active transport?arrow_forwardWhich explanation best describes why plasma proteins can function as buffers? Plasma proteins combine with bicarbonate to make a stronger buffer. Plasma proteins are immune to damage horn acids. Proteins have both positive and negative charges on their surface. Proteins are alkaline.arrow_forward
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