
(a)
Interpretation:
The initial and final volume of helium bag in early morning and mid-afternoon is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The ideal gas equation relates volume, moles, temperature, and pressure with each other.
The ideal gas equation is as follows:
Here,
The conversion factor to convert degree Celsius to Kelvin is as follows:
(a)

Answer to Problem 6.89P
The initial and final volume of helium bag is
Explanation of Solution
Substitute
Substitute
Rearrange the equation(1) to calculate the volume.
Substitute
Substitute
The initial and final volume of the helium bag is
(b)
Interpretation:
The change in internal energy is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The internal energy of a process is the summation of the kinetic energy and potential energy associated with the process. In the case of a reaction, the change in internal energy
(b)

Answer to Problem 6.89P
The change in internal energy is
Explanation of Solution
The formula to calculate the change in internal energy is,
Substitute
The change in internal energy is
(c)
Interpretation:
Work done by helium is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Work
Here,
(c)

Answer to Problem 6.89P
Work done by helium is
Explanation of Solution
The initial volume of gas is
The final volume of gas is
The formula to calculate
Substitute
Substitute
Work done by helium is
(d)
Interpretation:
Heat transferred is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
The first law of
Here,
(d)

Answer to Problem 6.89P
The heat transferred is
Explanation of Solution
Rearange equation (7) to calculate
Substitute
The heat transferred is
(e)
Interpretation:
Concept introduction:
The internal energy of a process is the summation of the kinetic energy and potential energy associated with the process. In the case of a reaction, the change in internal energy
In the case of a reaction, the change in enthalpy
Here,
The heat flow at constant pressure
(e)

Answer to Problem 6.89P
Explanation of Solution
The heat transferred in the process is
The heat flow at constant pressure
(f)
Interpretation:
The relationship between
Concept introduction:
The internal energy of a process is the summation of the kinetic energy and potential energy associated with the process. In the case of a reaction, the change in internal energy
In the case of a reaction, the change in enthalpy
Here,
Work
Here,
The first law of thermodynamics gives the relation between the work, heat and internal energy. According to this law “the total energy of the system plus surrounding remains constant”. The expression to first law of thermodynamics is:
Here,
(f)

Answer to Problem 6.89P
The heat flow at constant pressure
Explanation of Solution
The formula to calculate
Substitute
The heat flow at constant pressure
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Loose Leaf for Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
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