Chapter 6, Problem 6.74SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Noble gas configuration and charge attained by $\text{N}$ after formation of ions should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration is distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of atom. These electrons follow some principles in order to be filled in orbitals. These are Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:

$1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s$

Hund’s rule states that pairing will not start until each orbital is singly occupied. Pauli’s exclusion principle states that spin of two electrons in one orbital can never be same.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Noble gas configuration and charge attained by $\text{Ca}$ after formation of ions should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration is distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of atom. These electrons follow some principles in order to be filled in orbitals. These are Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:

$1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s$

Hund’s rule states that pairing will not start until each orbital is singly occupied. Pauli’s exclusion principle states that spin of two electrons in one orbital can never be same.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Noble gas configuration and charge attained by $\text{S}$ after formation of ions should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration is distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of atom. These electrons follow some principles in order to be filled in orbitals. These are Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:

$1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s$

Hund’s rule states that pairing will not start until each orbital is singly occupied. Pauli’s exclusion principle states that spin of two electrons in one orbital can never be same.

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Noble gas configuration and charge attained by $\text{Br}$ after formation of ions should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration is distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of atom. These electrons follow some principles in order to be filled in orbitals. These are Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:

$1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s$

Hund’s rule states that pairing will not start until each orbital is singly occupied. Pauli’s exclusion principle states that spin of two electrons in one orbital can never be same.