CHEMISTRY-MOD.MASTERING (18W)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780136780922
Author: Robinson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 6, Problem 6.15P
Which substance has the largest lattice energy:
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5) Oxaloacetic Acid is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of citric acid. Synthesize oxaloacetic acid
using a mixed Claisen Condensation reaction with two different esters and a sodium ethoxide base. Give your
answer as a scheme
Hint 1: Your final acid product is producing using a decarboxylation reaction.
Hint 2: Look up the structure of oxalic acid.
HO
all
OH
oxaloacetic acid
20. The Brusselator. This hypothetical system was first proposed by a group work-
ing in Brussels [see Prigogine and Lefever (1968)] in connection with spatially
nonuniform chemical patterns. Because certain steps involve trimolecular reac
tions, it is not a model of any real chemical system but rather a prototype that
has been studied extensively. The reaction steps are
A-X.
B+X-Y+D.
2X+ Y-3X,
X-E.
305
It is assumed that concentrations of A, B, D, and E are kept artificially con
stant so that only X and Y vary with time.
(a) Show that if all rate constants are chosen appropriately, the equations de
scribing a Brusselator are:
dt
A-(B+ 1)x + x²y,
dy
=Bx-x²y.
di
Problem 3. Provide a mechanism for the following transformation:
H₂SO A
Me.
Me
Me
Me
Me
Chapter 6 Solutions
CHEMISTRY-MOD.MASTERING (18W)
Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.1PCh. 6 - APPLY 6.2 Which of the following sets of ions are...Ch. 6 - Which atom or ion has the largest radius:...Ch. 6 - Conceptual APPLY 6.4 Which of the following...Ch. 6 - Use the periodic table to order the elements from...Ch. 6 - Given the orbital filling diagrams for the valence...Ch. 6 - Which has the largest third ionization energy: Be,...Ch. 6 - Conceptual APPLY 6.8 The figure on the right...Ch. 6 - Order the following elements from least to most...Ch. 6 - Conceptual APPLY 6.10 Which of the indicated three...
Ch. 6 - What electron configuration does the strontium...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.12ACh. 6 - Prob. 6.13PCh. 6 - APPLY 6.14 Calculate the energy of electrostatic...Ch. 6 - Which substance has the largest lattice energy:...Ch. 6 - One of the following pictures represents NaCl and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.17PCh. 6 - What structural features do ionic liquids havethat...Ch. 6 - PROBLEM 6.18 Compare the following two ionic...Ch. 6 - PROBLEM 6.19 An ionic liquid consisting of a bulky...Ch. 6 - Where on the periodic table would you find the...Ch. 6 - Which of the following spheres is likely to...Ch. 6 - Circle the approximate part or parts of the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.24CPCh. 6 - This figure represents the successive ionization...Ch. 6 - In the following drawings, red spheres represent...Ch. 6 - Which of the following drawings is more likely to...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.28CPCh. 6 - Which of the following alkali metal halides has...Ch. 6 - Which of the following alkali metal halides has...Ch. 6 - Three binary compounds are represented on the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.32CPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.33CPCh. 6 - What is the difference between a covalent bond and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.35SPCh. 6 - What is the difference between a molecule and an...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.37SPCh. 6 - How many protons and electrons are in each of the...Ch. 6 - What is the identity of the element X in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.40SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.41SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.42SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.43SPCh. 6 - What doubly positive ion has the following...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.45SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.46SPCh. 6 - Which element in the transition-metal series Sc...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.48SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.49SPCh. 6 - Order the following ions from smallest to largest:...Ch. 6 - Order the following ions from smallest to largest:...Ch. 6 - Which ion has a larger atomic radius, Cu+ or Cu2+...Ch. 6 - Which ion hasa larger atomic radius, Fe2+ or Fe3+...Ch. 6 - The following ions all have the same number of...Ch. 6 - Which of the ions Se2,F,O2 and Rb+ has the largest...Ch. 6 - Which group of elements in the periodic table has...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.57SPCh. 6 - Which element in each of the following sets has...Ch. 6 - Order the elements in each set from the smallest...Ch. 6 - (a) Which has the smaller second ionization...Ch. 6 - (a) Which has the smaller fourth ionization...Ch. 6 - Three atoms have the following electron...Ch. 6 - Three atoms have the following electron...Ch. 6 - The first four ionization energies in kJ/mol of a...Ch. 6 - The first four ionization energies in kJ/mol of a...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.66SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.67SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.68SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.69SPCh. 6 - Why is energy usually released when an electron is...Ch. 6 - Why does ionization energy increase regularly...Ch. 6 - No element has a negative second electron...Ch. 6 - Why does phosphorus have a less negative electron...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.74SPCh. 6 - What noble-gas configurations and charge are the...Ch. 6 - Each of the following pairs of elements will react...Ch. 6 - Each of the following pairs of elements will react...Ch. 6 - Element X reacts with element Y to give a product...Ch. 6 - Element X reacts with element Y to give a product...Ch. 6 - Calculate the energy change in kilojoules per mole...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.81SPCh. 6 - Find the lattice energy of LiBr(s) in Table 6.3,...Ch. 6 - Look up the lattice energies in Table 6.3, and...Ch. 6 - Born-4-Iaber cycles, such as those shown in...Ch. 6 - Calculate a lattice energy for CaH2(s) in...Ch. 6 - Calculate the overall energy change in kilojoules...Ch. 6 - The estimated lattice energy for CsF2(s) is +2347...Ch. 6 - Calculate the overall energy change in kilojoules...Ch. 6 - Use the data in Problem 6.88 to calculate an...Ch. 6 - Use the data and the result in Problem 6.84 to...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.91SPCh. 6 - Calculate overall energy changes in kilojoules per...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.93SPCh. 6 - We saw in Section 6.7 that the reaction of solid...Ch. 6 - Draw a Born—Haber cycle for the reaction of sodium...Ch. 6 - Use the following information plus the data given...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.97SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.98SPCh. 6 - Order the following compounds according to their...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.100MPCh. 6 - Heating elemental cesium and platinum together for...Ch. 6 - Given the following information, construct a...Ch. 6 - Consider the electronic structure of the element...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.104MPCh. 6 - The ionization energy of an atom can be measured...
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- You are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products: xi 1. ☑ 2. H₂O хе i Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below. If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. There is no reagent that will make this synthesis work without complications. : ☐ S ☐arrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction: H OH 1. LiAlH4 2. H₂O ? Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. G C टेarrow_forwardFor each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new C-C bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. NH2 CI MgCl ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No MgBr ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No G टेarrow_forward
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- For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new C - C bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. NH2 tu ? ? OH Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No C $ ©arrow_forwardAs the lead product manager at OrganometALEKS Industries, you are trying to decide if the following reaction will make a molecule with a new C-C bond as its major product: 1. MgCl ? 2. H₂O* If this reaction will work, draw the major organic product or products you would expect in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. If the major products of this reaction won't have a new CC bond, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. This reaction will not make a product with a new CC bond. G marrow_forwardIncluding activity coefficients, find [Hg22+] in saturated Hg2Br2 in 0.00100 M NH4 Ksp Hg2Br2 = 5.6×10-23.arrow_forward
- give example for the following(by equation) a. Converting a water insoluble compound to a soluble one. b. Diazotization reaction form diazonium salt c. coupling reaction of a diazonium salt d. indacator properties of MO e. Diazotization ( diazonium salt of bromobenzene)arrow_forward2-Propanone and ethyllithium are mixed and subsequently acid hydrolyzed. Draw and name the structures of the products.arrow_forward(Methanesulfinyl)methane is reacted with NaH, and then with acetophenone. Draw and name the structures of the products.arrow_forward
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