Chapter 6, Problem 66E

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Effect on shift in equilibrium with increase in volume of reaction container in below reaction is to be determined.

  ${\text{N}}_2\left(g\right)+3{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\rightleftharpoons 2{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\left(g\right)$

Concept introduction: In accordance to Le Chatelier’s principle change in reaction condition brings changes in position of equilibrium and shifts equilibrium in that direction that tends to decrease the change. It states that with increase in pressure of container its volume decreases. Increase in volume shifts equilibrium in that direction that increases the overall volume. Decrease in volumes shifts equilibrium in that direction that has less number of moles.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Effect on shift in equilibrium with increase in volume of reaction container in below reaction is to be determined.

  ${\text{PCl}}_5\left(g\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{PCl}}_3\left(g\right)+{\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

Concept introduction: In accordance to Le Chatelier’s principle change in reaction condition brings changes in position of equilibrium and shifts equilibrium in that direction that tends to decrease the change. It states that with increase in pressure of container its volume decreases. Increase in volume shifts equilibrium in that direction that increases the overall volume. Decrease in volumes shifts equilibrium in that direction that has less number of moles.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Effect on shift in equilibrium with increase in volume of reaction container in below reaction is to be determined.

  ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+{\text{F}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\rightleftharpoons 2\text{HF}\left(g\right)$

Concept introduction: In accordance to Le Chatelier’s principle change in reaction condition brings changes in position of equilibrium and shifts equilibrium in that direction that tends to decrease the change. It states that with increase in pressure of container its volume decreases. Increase in volume shifts equilibrium in that direction that increases the overall volume. Decrease in volumes shifts equilibrium in that direction that has less number of moles.

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Effect on shift in equilibrium with increase in volume of reaction container in below reaction is to be determined.

  ${\text{COCl}}_2\left(g\right)\rightleftharpoons \text{CO}\left(g\right)+{\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

Concept introduction: In accordance to Le Chatelier’s principle change in reaction condition brings changes in position of equilibrium and shifts equilibrium in that direction that tends to decrease the change. It states that with increase in pressure of container its volume decreases. Increase in volume shifts equilibrium in that direction that increases the overall volume. Decrease in volumes shifts equilibrium in that direction that has less number of moles.

e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Effect on shift in equilibrium with increase in volume of reaction container in below reaction is to be determined.

  ${\text{CaCO}}_3\left(s\right)\rightleftharpoons \text{CaO}\left(s\right)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

Concept introduction: In accordance to Le Chatelier’s principle change in reaction condition brings changes in position of equilibrium and shifts equilibrium in that direction that tends to decrease the change. It states that with increase in pressure of container its volume decreases. Increase in volume shifts equilibrium in that direction that increases the overall volume. Decrease in volumes shifts equilibrium in that direction that has less number of moles.