Chapter 6, Problem 65E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The table is to be completed by writing the chemical formulas for each of the compounds. The name of each compound is to be stated with the help of Latin system nomenclature.

Concept introduction:

Binary compounds are defined as those ionic compounds that contain metal ions connected to nonmetal ions. The overall charge of such compounds is neutral because the oppositely charged metal cations and nonmetal anions are bonded to each other.

In the chemical formula of binary compounds, the cation is present before the anion.

According to the Latin system of nomenclature, the compounds are named by adding suffix-ous or –ic to the Latin name of the metal ion.

Answer to Problem 65E

The complete table is shown below.

IONS	hydroxide ion	sulfate ion	phosphate ion
mercurous ion	${\text{Hg}}_2{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ mercurous hydroxide	${\text{Hg}}_2{\text{SO}}_4$ mercurous sulfate	${\left({\text{Hg}}_2\right)}_3{\left({\text{PO}}_4\right)}_2$ mercurous phosphate
ferrous ion	$\text{Fe}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ ferrous hydroxide	${\text{FeSO}}_{\text{4}}$ ferrous sulfate	${\text{Fe}}_3{\left({\text{PO}}_4\right)}_{\text{2}}$ ferrous phosphate
stannous ion	$\text{Sn}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ stannous hydroxide	${\text{SnSO}}_{\text{4}}$ stannous sulfate	${\text{Sn}}_3{\left({\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ stannous phosphate

Explanation of Solution

In the Latin system of nomenclature, the lower charge ion uses an –ous suffix and the ion with higher charge uses an –ic suffix to their Latin name.

The name of the compound that is formed by the combination of mercurous ion and hydroxide ion is mercurous hydroxide. It contains positively charged mercurous ion, ${\text{Hg}}^{+}$ and negatively charged hydroxide ion, ${\text{OH}}^{-}$. The charge on mercurous ion is $1+$ and the charge on hydroxide ion is $1-$. The $1+$ charge of mercurous ion is neutralized by $1-$ charge of hydroxide ion. Therefore, the chemical formula of mercurous hydroxide is ${\text{Hg}}_2{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ or ${\text{Hg}}^{+}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}^{-}$.

The name of the compound that is formed by the combination of mercurous ion and sulfate ion is mercurous sulfate. It contains positively charged mercurous ion, ${\text{Hg}}^{+}$ and negatively charged sulfate ion, ${\text{SO}}_4^{2-}$. The charge on mercurous ion is $1+$ and the charge on sulfate ion is $2-$. The $1+$ charge of two mercurous ions is neutralized by $2-$ charge of sulfate ion. Therefore, the chemical formula of mercurous sulfate is ${\text{Hg}}_2{\text{SO}}_4$ or ${\text{Hg}}^{+}{\text{SO}}_4^{2-}$.

The name of the compound that is formed by the combination of mercurous ion and phosphate ion is mercurous phosphate. It contains positively charged mercurous ion, ${\text{Hg}}^{+}$ and negatively charged phosphate ion, ${\text{PO}}_4^{3-}$. The charge on mercurous ion is $1+$ and the charge on phosphate ion is $3-$. The $1+$ charge of three mercurous ions is neutralized by a phosphate ion. Therefore, the chemical formula of mercurous phosphate is ${\text{Hg}}_3{\text{PO}}_4$ or ${\text{Hg}}^{+}{\text{PO}}_4^{3-}$.

The name of the compound that is formed by the combination of ferrous ion and hydroxide ion is ferrous hydroxide. It contains positively charged ferrous ion, ${\text{Fe}}^{2+}$ and negatively charged hydroxide ion, ${\text{OH}}^{-}$. The charge on ferrous ion is $2+$ and the charge on hydroxide ion is $1-$. The $2+$ charge of ferrous ion is neutralized by two hydroxide ions. Therefore, the chemical formula of ferrous hydroxide is $\text{Fe}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ or ${\text{Fe}}^{2+}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}^{-}$.

The name of the compound that is formed by the combination of ferrous ion and sulfate ion is ferrous sulfate. It contains positively charged ferrous ion, ${\text{Fe}}^{2+}$ and negatively charged sulfate ion, ${\text{SO}}_4^{2-}$. The charge on ferrous ion is $2+$ and the charge on sulfate ion is $2-$. The $2+$ charge of ferrous ion is neutralized by one sulfate ion. Therefore, the chemical formula of ferrous sulfate is ${\text{FeSO}}_{\text{4}}$ or ${\text{Fe}}^{2+}{\text{SO}}_4^{2-}$.

The name of the compound that is formed by the combination of ferrous ion and phosphate ion is ferrous phosphate. It contains positively charged ferrous ion, ${\text{Fe}}^{2+}$ and negatively charged phosphate ion, ${\text{PO}}_4^{3-}$. The charge on ferrous ion is $2+$ and the charge on phosphate ion is $1-$. The $2+$ charge of three ferrous ions is neutralized by two phosphate ions. Therefore, the chemical formula of ferrous phosphate is ${\text{Fe}}_3{\left({\text{PO}}_4\right)}_{\text{2}}$.

The name of the compound that is formed by the combination of stannous ion and hydroxide ion is stannous hydroxide. It contains positively charged stannous ion, ${\text{Sn}}^{2+}$ and negatively charged hydroxide ion, ${\text{OH}}^{-}$. The charge on stannous ion is $2+$ and the charge on hydroxide ion is $1-$. The $2+$ charge of stannous ion is neutralized by two hydroxide ions. Therefore, the chemical formula of stannous hydroxide is $\text{Sn}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$.

The name of the compound that is formed by the combination of stannous ion and sulfate ion is stannous sulfate. It contains positively charged stannous ion, ${\text{Sn}}^{2+}$ and negatively charged sulfate ion, ${\text{SO}}_4^{2-}$. The charge on stannous ion is $2+$ and the charge on sulfate ion is $2-$. Therefore, the chemical formula of stannous sulfate is ${\text{SnSO}}_{\text{4}}$.

The name of the compound that is formed by the combination of stannous ion and phosphate ion is stannous phosphate. It contains positively charged stannous ion, ${\text{Sn}}^{2+}$ and negatively charged phosphate ion, ${\text{PO}}_4^{3-}$. The charge on stannous ion is $2+$ and the charge on phosphate ion is $3-$. The $2+$ charge of three stannous ions is neutralized by two phosphate ions. Therefore, the chemical formula of stannous phosphate is ${\text{Sn}}_3{\left({\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_{\text{2}}$.

Conclusion

The complete table is shown below.

IONS	hydroxide ion	sulfate ion	phosphate ion
mercurous ion	${\text{Hg}}_2{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ mercurous hydroxide	${\text{Hg}}_2{\text{SO}}_4$ mercurous sulfate	${\left({\text{Hg}}_2\right)}_3{\left({\text{PO}}_4\right)}_2$ mercurous phosphate
ferrous ion	$\text{Fe}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ ferrous hydroxide	${\text{FeSO}}_{\text{4}}$ ferrous sulfate	${\text{Fe}}_3{\left({\text{PO}}_4\right)}_{\text{2}}$ ferrous phosphate
stannous ion	$\text{Sn}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ stannous hydroxide	${\text{SnSO}}_{\text{4}}$ stannous sulfate	${\text{Sn}}_3{\left({\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ stannous phosphate