Organic Chemistry
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780078021558
Author: Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 6, Problem 6.27P
Explain why the
bond (b).
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Covalent bonds: H―HC―HO―HO═O C≡O Bond energy (kJ/mol):4364154654981080Calculate the enthalpy change (H, in kJ/mol) for the following reaction and indicate whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.(*BE for C═Oin CO2)(a) CH4(g)+ H2O(g)CO(g)+ 3H2(g);
For the following chemical reaction determine the heat of reaction (Bond enthalpy). Is this reaction exothermic or endothermic?
H2C == CH2 + HCl ⟶⟶ CH3CH2Cl
Bond Energy: C–H : 100 kcal/mol ; C=C: 145kcal/mol ; C-C: 83 kcal/mol ; H-Cl: 102 kcal/mol ; C-Cl : 81 kcal/mol
bonds in reactant : 4 C-H , C=C, H-Cl
bonds in Products: C-C, 5 C-H, C-Cl
Which is the strongest bond energy?
Cl(g) ΔH°f, = +121.3 kJ mol–1
CCl4(g) ΔH°f, = –95.98 kJ mol–1
HCl(g) ΔH°f, = –92.3 kJ mol–1
Question 8 options:
Cl–Cl in Cl2
H–Cl in HCl
C–Cl in CCl4
Chapter 6 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 6 - Problem 6.1 Classify each transformation as...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.2PCh. 6 - Problem 6.3 By taking into account...Ch. 6 - Problem 6.4 Use curved arrows to show the movement...Ch. 6 - Problem 6.5 Follow the curved arrows and draw the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.6PCh. 6 - Problem 6.7 Use the values in Table 6.2 to...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.8PCh. 6 - aWhich Keq corresponds to a negative value of G,...Ch. 6 - Given each of the following values, is the...
Ch. 6 - Given each of the following values, is the...Ch. 6 - The equilibrium constant for the conversion of the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.13PCh. 6 - For a reaction with H=40kJ/mol, decide which of...Ch. 6 - For a reaction with H=20kJ/mol, decide which of...Ch. 6 - Draw an energy diagram for a reaction in which the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.17PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.18PCh. 6 - Problem 6.19 Consider the following energy...Ch. 6 - Draw an energy diagram for a two-step reaction,...Ch. 6 - Which value if any corresponds to a faster...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.22PCh. 6 - Problem 6.23 For each rate equation, what effect...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.24PCh. 6 - Identify the catalyst in each equation. a....Ch. 6 - Draw the products of homolysis or heterolysis of...Ch. 6 - Explain why the bond dissociation energy for bond...Ch. 6 - Classify each transformation as substitution,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.29PCh. 6 - 6.30 Draw the products of each reaction by...Ch. 6 - 6.31 (a) Add curved arrows for each step to show...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.32PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.33PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.34PCh. 6 - Calculate H for each reaction. a HO+CH4CH3+H2O b...Ch. 6 - Homolysis of the indicated CH bond in propene...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.37PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.38PCh. 6 - 6.39. a. Which value corresponds to a negative...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.40PCh. 6 - For which of the following reaction is S a...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.42PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.43PCh. 6 - 6.44 Consider the following reaction: .
Use curved...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.45PCh. 6 - Draw an energy diagram for the Bronsted-Lowry...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.47PCh. 6 - Indicate which factors affect the rate of a...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.49PCh. 6 - 6.50 The conversion of acetyl chloride to methyl...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.51PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.52PCh. 6 - The conversion of (CH3)3Cl to (CH3)2C=CH2 can...Ch. 6 - 6.54 Explain why is more acidic than , even...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.55PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.56PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.57PCh. 6 - Although Keq of equation 1 in problem 6.57 does...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.59P
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- Using the bond dissociation enthalpies in Table 8.8, estimate the enthalpy of combustion of gaseous methane, CH4, to give water vapor and carbon dioxide gas.arrow_forwardA commercial process for preparing ethanol (ethyl alcohol), C2H5OH, consists of passing ethylene gas. C2H4, and steam over an acid catalyst (to speed up the reaction). The gas-phase reaction is Use bond enthalpies (Table 9.5) to estimate the enthalpy change for this reaction when 37.0 g of ethyl alcohol is produced.arrow_forwardBond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forward
- Explain the decomposition of nitroglycerin in terms of relative bond enthalpies.arrow_forwardGiven the following data: NO2(g) NO(g) + O(g)H = 233 kJ 2O3(g) 3O2(g)H = 427 kJ NO(g) + O3(g) NO2(g) + O2(g)H = 199 kJ Calculate the bond energy for the O2 bond, that is, calculate H for: O2(g) 2O(g)H = ?arrow_forwardEstimate H for the following reactions using bond energies given in Table 8.5. 3CH2=CH2(g) + 3H2(g) 3CH2CH3(g) The enthalpies of formation for C6H6(g) and C6H12 (g) are 82.9 and 90.3 kJ/mol. respectively. Calculate H for the two reactions using standard enthalpies of formation from Appendix 4. Account for any differences between the results obtained from the two methods.arrow_forward
- True or False: This reaction is endothermic because more energy is needed to break up the reactants versus the amount given off by the products. Use the reaction and bond information to answer the question. H-H +0=C = 0 - H-C = O | O-H H2 + CO, → CH,O. Reactant bond energies: H-H is 432 kJ/mol, C=O is 799 kJ/mol Product bond energies: C-H is 413 kJ/mol, C=O is 745 kJ/mol, C-O is 358 kJ/mol, O-H is 467 kJ/mol ○ True ○ False 1arrow_forwardThe conversion of graphite into diamond is an endothermic reaction (AH = +3 kJ mol-1). C(graphite) → C(diamond) 1 The enthalpy change of atomisation of diamond is smaller than that of graphite. The bond energy of the C-C bonds in graphite is greater than that in diamond. 2 The enthalpy change of combustion of diamond is greater than that of graphite. 3 Which statements are correct? A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1 onlyarrow_forwardCalculate the enthalpy change from bond energies for each of these reactions: 1. Н-(g) + F:(g) — 2 HF(g) AH= 2. CH(g) + 20-(g) — СО2(g) + 2H-0 (g) AH= 3. CO(g) + 2H2(g) → CH;OH(I) AH= 4. 2H2(g) + Oz(g) – 2H;O(g) AH= 5. 2H2O(g) → 2H2(g) + O2(g) AH= 6. H2CCH2(g) + Cl2(g) → CIH2CCH2CI(g) AH=arrow_forward
- The enthalpy of formation of XeF2(g) is -108 kJ/mol and the bond dissociation enthalpy of the F-F bond is 155 kJ/mol. What is the average bond dissociation enthalpy of a Xe-F bond? A) 47 kJ/mol B) 54 kJ/mol C) 94 kJ/mol D) 132 kJ/mol E) 263 kJ/molarrow_forwarda) The following reaction occurs in an open beaker: C2H5OH (g) ---> C2H4(g) + H2O (g) {Bond Energy (kJ/mol): C-H = 415 ; C-C = 345 ; C-O = 350 ; O-H = 464 ; C=C = 611}i) Calculate the ΔH0rxn for this reaction from the given bond energies. kJ ii) Is this reaction an open, closed or isolated system? iii) Would you feel hot or cold if you were near this reaction when it occurred? This is because (choose from I - V) I. the reaction is exothermic and absorbs energy from the surroundings. II. the reaction is exothemic and releases energy to the surroundings. III. the reaction is endothermic and absorbs thermal energy from the surroundings. IV. the reaction is endothermic and loses heat to the surroundings. V. the reaction produces steam which contains a lot of heat.arrow_forwardOctane (C8H18) is combusted with oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water vapor. Calculate the enthalpy of reaction using the bond energies given. Is the combustion of octane an endothermic or exothermic reaction? The reaction below is not balanced. pleaseanswer neatly so i can see how to do it Bond: C=O O=O C–H O–H C–C Bond energy (kJ/mol): 799 498 414 464 347arrow_forward
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