Chapter 6, Problem 6.19YT

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preceding statements by estimating the ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ values of the generic alcohol, amine, alkane, and terminal alkyne species is to be verified.

Concept introduction:

The strength of two acids can be compared based on the ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ values. The acid with the lower ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ value is a stronger acid than that with a higher ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ value. Each difference of $1$ in ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ values represents a factor of $10$ difference in acid strength. The strength of an acid increases as the strength of its conjugate base decreases. An electronegative atom accommodate a negative charge better way. A less electronegative atom accommodate a positive charge better way. Stability of a species increases as the number of atoms on which a charge is shared increases. The negative charge on adjescent group or atom is stabilized by an electron-withdrawing groups while it destabilize neighboring positive charges. Electron-donating groups stabilize neighboring positive charges but destabilize adjacent negative charges.