Chapter 6, Problem 35A

Summary Introduction

To write:

The importance of buffers to living organisms.

Introduction:

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that can retain its individual characteristics and properties. A mixture with uniform composition throughout is known as a homogeneous mixture or a solution. A heterogeneous mixture is formed when the components of the two substances remain distinct

Explanation of Solution

The amount of hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions in a solution determines the strength of an acid or base. pH is the measure of concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution. Pure water is neutral and has a pH value of 7.0. Acidic solutions have more H+ and have pH values less than 7. Basic solutions have more OH- than H+ and have pH values higher than 7. Buffers are mixtures that react with acids and bases to keep the pH within a specific range by removing the excess H+ and OH- in the solution. The majority of biological processes carried out by cells occur between the pH 6.5-7.5. Buffering is important in living organisms in order to maintain a fairly constant internal environment or homeostasis by controlling the H+ levels.

Conclusion

Buffers are the mixtures that can react with acids and bases to keep the pH within a certain range and maintain homeostasis.