Chapter 6, Problem 26PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given energy diagram – step of the mechanism, $\text{ΔG}$, $\text{Ea}$ and $\text{Keq}$ of the molecule should be identified

Concept introduction:

Step of the mechanism, $\text{ΔG}$, $\text{Ea}$ and $\text{Keq}$ of the molecule can be identified by using following energy profile diagram

Mechanism of the reaction is identified by using energy profile diagram; if the reaction is completed in a single step, there is only one the hump in energy diagram. Whereas if the reaction is completed in two steps there are two humps in the energy diagram, and when the Reaction is completed in multi-step there is multi hump in the energy diagram.

$\text{ΔG}$ = Gibbs free energy,

$\text{ΔG}$ (Gibbs free energy) of the reaction is mainly depends on the free energy of reactant and product. It could be positive, negative or zero depends on the number of reactant and product.

Activation energy ( $\text{Ea}$): Minimum amount of energy is needed to initiate a reaction is called activation energy.

The activation energy ( $\text{Ea}$) is calculated from the reactant energy state to the transition energy state of the reaction.

Equilibrium Constant ( $\text{Keq}$): Equilibrium Constant is the measurement of reactants which are converted in to products.

Equilibrium Constant ( $\text{Keq}$): At definite temperature, the equilibrium ratio between the product and the reactant of the reaction is called Equilibrium Constant.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{K}}_{\text{eq}}\text{= }\frac{\left[\text{B}\right]}{\left[\text{A}\right]}\\ \text{where,}\\ \left[\text{A}\right]\text{ =}\text{Concentration of the reactant}\\ \text{[B] }\text{=}\text{Concentration of the product}\end{array}$

 (b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given energy diagram – step of the mechanism, $\text{ΔG}$, $\text{Ea}$ and $\text{Keq}$ of the molecule should be identified

Concept introduction:

Step of the mechanism, $\text{ΔG}$, $\text{Ea}$ and $\text{Keq}$ of the molecule can be identified by using following energy profile diagram

Mechanism of the reaction is identified by using energy profile diagram; if the reaction is completed in a single step, there is only one the hump in energy diagram. Whereas if the reaction is completed in two steps there are two humps in the energy diagram, and when the Reaction is completed in multi-step there is multi hump in the energy diagram.

$\text{ΔG}$ = Gibbs free energy,

$\text{ΔG}$ (Gibbs free energy) of the reaction is mainly depends on the free energy of reactant and product. It could be positive, negative or zero depends on the number of reactant and product.

Activation energy ( $\text{Ea}$): Minimum amount of energy is needed to initiate a reaction is called activation energy.

The activation energy ( $\text{Ea}$) is calculated from the reactant energy state to the transition energy state of the reaction.

Equilibrium Constant ( $\text{Keq}$): Equilibrium Constant is the measurement of reactants which are converted in to products.

Equilibrium Constant ( $\text{Keq}$): At definite temperature, the equilibrium ratio between the product and the reactant of the reaction is called Equilibrium Constant.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{K}}_{\text{eq}}\text{= }\frac{\left[\text{B}\right]}{\left[\text{A}\right]}\\ \text{where,}\\ \left[\text{A}\right]\text{ =}\text{Concentration of the reactant}\\ \text{[B] }\text{=}\text{Concentration of the product}\end{array}$

 (c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given energy diagram – step of the mechanism, $\text{ΔG}$, $\text{Ea}$ and $\text{Keq}$ of the molecule should be identified

Concept introduction:

Step of the mechanism, $\text{ΔG}$, $\text{Ea}$ and $\text{Keq}$ of the molecule can be identified by using following energy profile diagram

Mechanism of the reaction is identified by using energy profile diagram; if the reaction is completed in a single step, there is only one the hump in energy diagram. Whereas if the reaction is completed in two steps there are two humps in the energy diagram, and when the Reaction is completed in multi-step there is multi hump in the energy diagram.

$\text{ΔG}$ = Gibbs free energy,

$\text{ΔG}$ (Gibbs free energy) of the reaction is mainly depends on the free energy of reactant and product. It could be positive, negative or zero depends on the number of reactant and product.

Activation energy ( $\text{Ea}$): Minimum amount of energy is needed to initiate a reaction is called activation energy.

The activation energy ( $\text{Ea}$) is calculated from the reactant energy state to the transition energy state of the reaction.

Equilibrium Constant ( $\text{Keq}$): Equilibrium Constant is the measurement of reactants which are converted in to products.

Equilibrium Constant ( $\text{Keq}$): At definite temperature, the equilibrium ratio between the product and the reactant of the reaction is called Equilibrium Constant.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{K}}_{\text{eq}}\text{= }\frac{\left[\text{B}\right]}{\left[\text{A}\right]}\\ \text{where,}\\ \left[\text{A}\right]\text{ =}\text{Concentration of the reactant}\\ \text{[B] }\text{=}\text{Concentration of the product}\end{array}$

 (d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given energy diagram – step of the mechanism, $\text{ΔG}$, $\text{Ea}$ and $\text{Keq}$ of the molecule should be identified

Concept introduction:

Step of the mechanism, $\text{ΔG}$, $\text{Ea}$ and $\text{Keq}$ of the molecule can be identified by using following energy profile diagram

Mechanism of the reaction is identified by using energy profile diagram; if the reaction is completed in a single step, there is only one the hump in energy diagram. Whereas if the reaction is completed in two steps there are two humps in the energy diagram, and when the Reaction is completed in multi-step there is multi hump in the energy diagram.

$\text{ΔG}$ = Gibbs free energy,

$\text{ΔG}$ (Gibbs free energy) of the reaction is mainly depends on the free energy of reactant and product. It could be positive, negative or zero depends on the number of reactant and product.

Activation energy ( $\text{Ea}$): Minimum amount of energy is needed to initiate a reaction is called activation energy.

The activation energy ( $\text{Ea}$) is calculated from the reactant energy state to the transition energy state of the reaction.

Equilibrium Constant ( $\text{Keq}$): Equilibrium Constant is the measurement of reactants which are converted in to products.

Equilibrium Constant ( $\text{Keq}$): At definite temperature, the equilibrium ratio between the product and the reactant of the reaction is called Equilibrium Constant.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{K}}_{\text{eq}}\text{= }\frac{\left[\text{B}\right]}{\left[\text{A}\right]}\\ \text{where,}\\ \left[\text{A}\right]\text{ =}\text{Concentration of the reactant}\\ \text{[B] }\text{=}\text{Concentration of the product}\end{array}$

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given energy diagram – step of the mechanism, $\text{ΔG}$, $\text{Ea}$ and $\text{Keq}$ of the molecule should be identified

Concept introduction:

Step of the mechanism, $\text{ΔG}$, $\text{Ea}$ and $\text{Keq}$ of the molecule can be identified by using following energy profile diagram

Mechanism of the reaction is identified by using energy profile diagram; if the reaction is completed in a single step, there is only one the hump in energy diagram. Whereas if the reaction is completed in two steps there are two humps in the energy diagram, and when the Reaction is completed in multi-step there is multi hump in the energy diagram.

$\text{ΔG}$ = Gibbs free energy,

$\text{ΔG}$ (Gibbs free energy) of the reaction is mainly depends on the free energy of reactant and product. It could be positive, negative or zero depends on the number of reactant and product.

Activation energy ( $\text{Ea}$): Minimum amount of energy is needed to initiate a reaction is called activation energy.

The activation energy ( $\text{Ea}$) is calculated from the reactant energy state to the transition energy state of the reaction.

Equilibrium Constant ( $\text{Keq}$): Equilibrium Constant is the measurement of reactants which are converted in to products.

Equilibrium Constant ( $\text{Keq}$): At definite temperature, the equilibrium ratio between the product and the reactant of the reaction is called Equilibrium Constant.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{K}}_{\text{eq}}\text{= }\frac{\left[\text{B}\right]}{\left[\text{A}\right]}\\ \text{where,}\\ \left[\text{A}\right]\text{ =}\text{Concentration of the reactant}\\ \text{[B] }\text{=}\text{Concentration of the product}\end{array}$

 (f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given energy diagram – step of the mechanism, $\text{ΔG}$, $\text{Ea}$ and $\text{Keq}$ of the molecule should be identified

Concept introduction:

Step of the mechanism, $\text{ΔG}$, $\text{Ea}$ and $\text{Keq}$ of the molecule can be identified by using following energy profile diagram

Mechanism of the reaction is identified by using energy profile diagram; if the reaction is completed in a single step, there is only one the hump in energy diagram. Whereas if the reaction is completed in two steps there are two humps in the energy diagram, and when the Reaction is completed in multi-step there is multi hump in the energy diagram.

$\text{ΔG}$ = Gibbs free energy,

$\text{ΔG}$ (Gibbs free energy) of the reaction is mainly depends on the free energy of reactant and product. It could be positive, negative or zero depends on the number of reactant and product.

Activation energy ( $\text{Ea}$): Minimum amount of energy is needed to initiate a reaction is called activation energy.

The activation energy ( $\text{Ea}$) is calculated from the reactant energy state to the transition energy state of the reaction.

Equilibrium Constant ( $\text{Keq}$): Equilibrium Constant is the measurement of reactants which are converted in to products.

Equilibrium Constant ( $\text{Keq}$): At definite temperature, the equilibrium ratio between the product and the reactant of the reaction is called Equilibrium Constant.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{K}}_{\text{eq}}\text{= }\frac{\left[\text{B}\right]}{\left[\text{A}\right]}\\ \text{where,}\\ \left[\text{A}\right]\text{ =}\text{Concentration of the reactant}\\ \text{[B] }\text{=}\text{Concentration of the product}\end{array}$

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given energy diagram – step of the mechanism, $\text{ΔG}$, $\text{Ea}$ and $\text{Keq}$ of the molecule should be identified

Concept introduction:

Step of the mechanism, $\text{ΔG}$, $\text{Ea}$ and $\text{Keq}$ of the molecule can be identified by using following energy profile diagram

Mechanism of the reaction is identified by using energy profile diagram; if the reaction is completed in a single step, there is only one the hump in energy diagram. Whereas if the reaction is completed in two steps there are two humps in the energy diagram, and when the Reaction is completed in multi-step there is multi hump in the energy diagram.

$\text{ΔG}$ = Gibbs free energy,

$\text{ΔG}$ (Gibbs free energy) of the reaction is mainly depends on the free energy of reactant and product. It could be positive, negative or zero depends on the number of reactant and product.

Activation energy ( $\text{Ea}$): Minimum amount of energy is needed to initiate a reaction is called activation energy.

The activation energy ( $\text{Ea}$) is calculated from the reactant energy state to the transition energy state of the reaction.

Equilibrium Constant ( $\text{Keq}$): Equilibrium Constant is the measurement of reactants which are converted in to products.

Equilibrium Constant ( $\text{Keq}$): At definite temperature, the equilibrium ratio between the product and the reactant of the reaction is called Equilibrium Constant.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{K}}_{\text{eq}}\text{= }\frac{\left[\text{B}\right]}{\left[\text{A}\right]}\\ \text{where,}\\ \left[\text{A}\right]\text{ =}\text{Concentration of the reactant}\\ \text{[B] }\text{=}\text{Concentration of the product}\end{array}$

 (h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given energy diagram – step of the mechanism, $\text{ΔG}$, $\text{Ea}$ and $\text{Keq}$ of the molecule should be identified

Concept introduction:

Step of the mechanism, $\text{ΔG}$, $\text{Ea}$ and $\text{Keq}$ of the molecule can be identified by using following energy profile diagram

Mechanism of the reaction is identified by using energy profile diagram; if the reaction is completed in a single step, there is only one the hump in energy diagram. Whereas if the reaction is completed in two steps there are two humps in the energy diagram, and when the Reaction is completed in multi-step there is multi hump in the energy diagram.

$\text{ΔG}$ = Gibbs free energy,

$\text{ΔG}$ (Gibbs free energy) of the reaction is mainly depends on the free energy of reactant and product. It could be positive, negative or zero depends on the number of reactant and product.

Activation energy ( $\text{Ea}$): Minimum amount of energy is needed to initiate a reaction is called activation energy.

The activation energy ( $\text{Ea}$) is calculated from the reactant energy state to the transition energy state of the reaction.

Equilibrium Constant ( $\text{Keq}$): Equilibrium Constant is the measurement of reactants which are converted in to products.

Equilibrium Constant ( $\text{Keq}$): At definite temperature, the equilibrium ratio between the product and the reactant of the reaction is called Equilibrium Constant.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{K}}_{\text{eq}}\text{= }\frac{\left[\text{B}\right]}{\left[\text{A}\right]}\\ \text{where,}\\ \left[\text{A}\right]\text{ =}\text{Concentration of the reactant}\\ \text{[B] }\text{=}\text{Concentration of the product}\end{array}$