Cytology Introduction: Cell is a membrane bound unit that is present in all living beings and constitutes the basic unit of life. It contains different organelles to carry out different functions. Some cells are specific to their functions.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 1IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To define: Cytology

Introduction: Cell is a membrane bound unit that is present in all living beings and constitutes the basic unit of life. It contains different organelles to carry out different functions. Some cells are specific to their functions.

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The branch of biology that deals with the study of cell and the cellular organelles are called as cytology. Cytology is the field that is concerned with the metabolic processes, physical properties, life cycle, signaling pathways, chemical composition, and the cellular interactions.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which the cell biologists use a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to study.

Introduction: Cells are fundamental unit of life. Some cells are macroscopic and some cells are microscopic. Cells show different shapes and sizes. Cells work together to perform common functions. Cells consists of different organelles that have different shapes and sizes and perform specialized functions.

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

A Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) directs an electron beam through a thin-cut section of the specimen. A two-dimensional image of the specimen is focused either onto a screen or onto a photographic film. A TEM allows the cell biologist to visualize the details of the specimen’s internal structures. In TEM, the specimen magnifies up to 50,000X.

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What does a scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows the best.

Introduction: Unicellular organisms are raised from single cell, but multi-cellular organisms are raised from many cells. Microscopy is the use of microscope to view the small-scale structures. It has an important role in anatomic investigation.

c.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The SEM is best used to see the three-dimensional surface structure of a specimen. A SEM is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The advantages of light microscope to have over both TEM and SEM.

Introduction: The light microscopy stains help in visualizing the cell components by binding to specific cell components and influencing the light beam that passes through them. In contrary, in electron microscopy, stains bind differently to cell components and help in generating images by influencing the beam of electrons that passes through the specimen.

d.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Microscopy is the use of microscope to see an object that cannot be seen by the naked eye. Light microscopy uses the light to view the specimen, but in electron microscopy, a beam of electron is used to view the specimen. Light microscope is to study the living cells and the TEM and SEM is to study the magnified view of the cell. The light microscope shows fewer artifacts than TEM and SEM.

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✓ Details Draw a protein that is embedded in a membrane (a transmembrane protein), label the lipid bilayer and the protein. Identify the areas of the lipid bilayer that are hydrophobic and hydrophilic. Draw a membrane with two transporters: a proton pump transporter that uses ATP to generate a proton gradient, and a second transporter that moves glucose by secondary active transport (cartoon-like is ok). It will be important to show protons moving in the correct direction, and that the transporter that is powered by secondary active transport is logically related to the proton pump.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 1IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To define: Cytology

Introduction: Cell is a membrane bound unit that is present in all living beings and constitutes the basic unit of life. It contains different organelles to carry out different functions. Some cells are specific to their functions.

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The branch of biology that deals with the study of cell and the cellular organelles are called as cytology. Cytology is the field that is concerned with the metabolic processes, physical properties, life cycle, signaling pathways, chemical composition, and the cellular interactions.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which the cell biologists use a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to study.

Introduction: Cells are fundamental unit of life. Some cells are macroscopic and some cells are microscopic. Cells show different shapes and sizes. Cells work together to perform common functions. Cells consists of different organelles that have different shapes and sizes and perform specialized functions.

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

A Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) directs an electron beam through a thin-cut section of the specimen. A two-dimensional image of the specimen is focused either onto a screen or onto a photographic film. A TEM allows the cell biologist to visualize the details of the specimen’s internal structures. In TEM, the specimen magnifies up to 50,000X.

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What does a scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows the best.

Introduction: Unicellular organisms are raised from single cell, but multi-cellular organisms are raised from many cells. Microscopy is the use of microscope to view the small-scale structures. It has an important role in anatomic investigation.

c.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The SEM is best used to see the three-dimensional surface structure of a specimen. A SEM is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The advantages of light microscope to have over both TEM and SEM.

Introduction: The light microscopy stains help in visualizing the cell components by binding to specific cell components and influencing the light beam that passes through them. In contrary, in electron microscopy, stains bind differently to cell components and help in generating images by influencing the beam of electrons that passes through the specimen.

d.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Microscopy is the use of microscope to see an object that cannot be seen by the naked eye. Light microscopy uses the light to view the specimen, but in electron microscopy, a beam of electron is used to view the specimen. Light microscope is to study the living cells and the TEM and SEM is to study the magnified view of the cell. The light microscope shows fewer artifacts than TEM and SEM.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 1IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To define: Cytology

Introduction: Cell is a membrane bound unit that is present in all living beings and constitutes the basic unit of life. It contains different organelles to carry out different functions. Some cells are specific to their functions.

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The branch of biology that deals with the study of cell and the cellular organelles are called as cytology. Cytology is the field that is concerned with the metabolic processes, physical properties, life cycle, signaling pathways, chemical composition, and the cellular interactions.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which the cell biologists use a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to study.

Introduction: Cells are fundamental unit of life. Some cells are macroscopic and some cells are microscopic. Cells show different shapes and sizes. Cells work together to perform common functions. Cells consists of different organelles that have different shapes and sizes and perform specialized functions.

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

A Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) directs an electron beam through a thin-cut section of the specimen. A two-dimensional image of the specimen is focused either onto a screen or onto a photographic film. A TEM allows the cell biologist to visualize the details of the specimen’s internal structures. In TEM, the specimen magnifies up to 50,000X.

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What does a scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows the best.

Introduction: Unicellular organisms are raised from single cell, but multi-cellular organisms are raised from many cells. Microscopy is the use of microscope to view the small-scale structures. It has an important role in anatomic investigation.

c.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The SEM is best used to see the three-dimensional surface structure of a specimen. A SEM is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The advantages of light microscope to have over both TEM and SEM.

Introduction: The light microscopy stains help in visualizing the cell components by binding to specific cell components and influencing the light beam that passes through them. In contrary, in electron microscopy, stains bind differently to cell components and help in generating images by influencing the beam of electrons that passes through the specimen.

d.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Microscopy is the use of microscope to see an object that cannot be seen by the naked eye. Light microscopy uses the light to view the specimen, but in electron microscopy, a beam of electron is used to view the specimen. Light microscope is to study the living cells and the TEM and SEM is to study the magnified view of the cell. The light microscope shows fewer artifacts than TEM and SEM.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 1IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To define: Cytology

Introduction: Cell is a membrane bound unit that is present in all living beings and constitutes the basic unit of life. It contains different organelles to carry out different functions. Some cells are specific to their functions.

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The branch of biology that deals with the study of cell and the cellular organelles are called as cytology. Cytology is the field that is concerned with the metabolic processes, physical properties, life cycle, signaling pathways, chemical composition, and the cellular interactions.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which the cell biologists use a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to study.

Introduction: Cells are fundamental unit of life. Some cells are macroscopic and some cells are microscopic. Cells show different shapes and sizes. Cells work together to perform common functions. Cells consists of different organelles that have different shapes and sizes and perform specialized functions.

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

A Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) directs an electron beam through a thin-cut section of the specimen. A two-dimensional image of the specimen is focused either onto a screen or onto a photographic film. A TEM allows the cell biologist to visualize the details of the specimen’s internal structures. In TEM, the specimen magnifies up to 50,000X.

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What does a scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows the best.

Introduction: Unicellular organisms are raised from single cell, but multi-cellular organisms are raised from many cells. Microscopy is the use of microscope to view the small-scale structures. It has an important role in anatomic investigation.

c.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The SEM is best used to see the three-dimensional surface structure of a specimen. A SEM is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The advantages of light microscope to have over both TEM and SEM.

Introduction: The light microscopy stains help in visualizing the cell components by binding to specific cell components and influencing the light beam that passes through them. In contrary, in electron microscopy, stains bind differently to cell components and help in generating images by influencing the beam of electrons that passes through the specimen.

d.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Microscopy is the use of microscope to see an object that cannot be seen by the naked eye. Light microscopy uses the light to view the specimen, but in electron microscopy, a beam of electron is used to view the specimen. Light microscope is to study the living cells and the TEM and SEM is to study the magnified view of the cell. The light microscope shows fewer artifacts than TEM and SEM.

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Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 1IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To define: Cytology

Introduction: Cell is a membrane bound unit that is present in all living beings and constitutes the basic unit of life. It contains different organelles to carry out different functions. Some cells are specific to their functions.

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The branch of biology that deals with the study of cell and the cellular organelles are called as cytology. Cytology is the field that is concerned with the metabolic processes, physical properties, life cycle, signaling pathways, chemical composition, and the cellular interactions.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which the cell biologists use a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to study.

Introduction: Cells are fundamental unit of life. Some cells are macroscopic and some cells are microscopic. Cells show different shapes and sizes. Cells work together to perform common functions. Cells consists of different organelles that have different shapes and sizes and perform specialized functions.

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

A Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) directs an electron beam through a thin-cut section of the specimen. A two-dimensional image of the specimen is focused either onto a screen or onto a photographic film. A TEM allows the cell biologist to visualize the details of the specimen’s internal structures. In TEM, the specimen magnifies up to 50,000X.

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What does a scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows the best.

Introduction: Unicellular organisms are raised from single cell, but multi-cellular organisms are raised from many cells. Microscopy is the use of microscope to view the small-scale structures. It has an important role in anatomic investigation.

c.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The SEM is best used to see the three-dimensional surface structure of a specimen. A SEM is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The advantages of light microscope to have over both TEM and SEM.

Introduction: The light microscopy stains help in visualizing the cell components by binding to specific cell components and influencing the light beam that passes through them. In contrary, in electron microscopy, stains bind differently to cell components and help in generating images by influencing the beam of electrons that passes through the specimen.

d.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Microscopy is the use of microscope to see an object that cannot be seen by the naked eye. Light microscopy uses the light to view the specimen, but in electron microscopy, a beam of electron is used to view the specimen. Light microscope is to study the living cells and the TEM and SEM is to study the magnified view of the cell. The light microscope shows fewer artifacts than TEM and SEM.

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 1IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To define: Cytology

Introduction: Cell is a membrane bound unit that is present in all living beings and constitutes the basic unit of life. It contains different organelles to carry out different functions. Some cells are specific to their functions.

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The branch of biology that deals with the study of cell and the cellular organelles are called as cytology. Cytology is the field that is concerned with the metabolic processes, physical properties, life cycle, signaling pathways, chemical composition, and the cellular interactions.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 1IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To define: Cytology

Introduction: Cell is a membrane bound unit that is present in all living beings and constitutes the basic unit of life. It contains different organelles to carry out different functions. Some cells are specific to their functions.

Answer 8

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The branch of biology that deals with the study of cell and the cellular organelles are called as cytology. Cytology is the field that is concerned with the metabolic processes, physical properties, life cycle, signaling pathways, chemical composition, and the cellular interactions.

Answer 9

a.

Expert Solution

Answer 10

a.

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which the cell biologists use a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to study.

Introduction: Cells are fundamental unit of life. Some cells are macroscopic and some cells are microscopic. Cells show different shapes and sizes. Cells work together to perform common functions. Cells consists of different organelles that have different shapes and sizes and perform specialized functions.

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

A Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) directs an electron beam through a thin-cut section of the specimen. A two-dimensional image of the specimen is focused either onto a screen or onto a photographic film. A TEM allows the cell biologist to visualize the details of the specimen’s internal structures. In TEM, the specimen magnifies up to 50,000X.

Answer 13

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which the cell biologists use a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to study.

Introduction: Cells are fundamental unit of life. Some cells are macroscopic and some cells are microscopic. Cells show different shapes and sizes. Cells work together to perform common functions. Cells consists of different organelles that have different shapes and sizes and perform specialized functions.

Answer 14

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

A Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) directs an electron beam through a thin-cut section of the specimen. A two-dimensional image of the specimen is focused either onto a screen or onto a photographic film. A TEM allows the cell biologist to visualize the details of the specimen’s internal structures. In TEM, the specimen magnifies up to 50,000X.

Answer 15

b.

Expert Solution

Answer 16

b.

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What does a scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows the best.

Introduction: Unicellular organisms are raised from single cell, but multi-cellular organisms are raised from many cells. Microscopy is the use of microscope to view the small-scale structures. It has an important role in anatomic investigation.

c.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The SEM is best used to see the three-dimensional surface structure of a specimen. A SEM is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.

Answer 19

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What does a scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows the best.

Introduction: Unicellular organisms are raised from single cell, but multi-cellular organisms are raised from many cells. Microscopy is the use of microscope to view the small-scale structures. It has an important role in anatomic investigation.

Answer 20

c.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The SEM is best used to see the three-dimensional surface structure of a specimen. A SEM is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.

Answer 21

c.

Expert Solution

Answer 22

c.

Expert Solution

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The advantages of light microscope to have over both TEM and SEM.

Introduction: The light microscopy stains help in visualizing the cell components by binding to specific cell components and influencing the light beam that passes through them. In contrary, in electron microscopy, stains bind differently to cell components and help in generating images by influencing the beam of electrons that passes through the specimen.

d.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Microscopy is the use of microscope to see an object that cannot be seen by the naked eye. Light microscopy uses the light to view the specimen, but in electron microscopy, a beam of electron is used to view the specimen. Light microscope is to study the living cells and the TEM and SEM is to study the magnified view of the cell. The light microscope shows fewer artifacts than TEM and SEM.

Answer 25

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The advantages of light microscope to have over both TEM and SEM.

Introduction: The light microscopy stains help in visualizing the cell components by binding to specific cell components and influencing the light beam that passes through them. In contrary, in electron microscopy, stains bind differently to cell components and help in generating images by influencing the beam of electrons that passes through the specimen.

Answer 26

d.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Microscopy is the use of microscope to see an object that cannot be seen by the naked eye. Light microscopy uses the light to view the specimen, but in electron microscopy, a beam of electron is used to view the specimen. Light microscope is to study the living cells and the TEM and SEM is to study the magnified view of the cell. The light microscope shows fewer artifacts than TEM and SEM.