Chapter 6, Problem 1IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To define: Cytology

Introduction: Cell is a membrane bound unit that is present in all living beings and constitutes the basic unit of life. It contains different organelles to carry out different functions. Some cells are specific to their functions.

Explanation of Solution

The branch of biology that deals with the study of cell and the cellular organelles are called as cytology. Cytology is the field that is concerned with the metabolic processes, physical properties, life cycle, signaling pathways, chemical composition, and the cellular interactions.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which the cell biologists use a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to study.

Introduction: Cells are fundamental unit of life. Some cells are macroscopic and some cells are microscopic. Cells show different shapes and sizes. Cells work together to perform common functions. Cells consists of different organelles that have different shapes and sizes and perform specialized functions.

Explanation of Solution

A Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) directs an electron beam through a thin-cut section of the specimen. A two-dimensional image of the specimen is focused either onto a screen or onto a photographic film. A TEM allows the cell biologist to visualize the details of the specimen’s internal structures. In TEM, the specimen magnifies up to 50,000X.

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What does a scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows the best.

Introduction: Unicellular organisms are raised from single cell, but multi-cellular organisms are raised from many cells. Microscopy is the use of microscope to view the small-scale structures. It has an important role in anatomic investigation.

Explanation of Solution

The SEM is best used to see the three-dimensional surface structure of a specimen. A SEM is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The advantages of light microscope to have over both TEM and SEM.

Introduction: The light microscopy stains help in visualizing the cell components by binding to specific cell components and influencing the light beam that passes through them. In contrary, in electron microscopy, stains bind differently to cell components and help in generating images by influencing the beam of electrons that passes through the specimen.

Explanation of Solution

Microscopy is the use of microscope to see an object that cannot be seen by the naked eye. Light microscopy uses the light to view the specimen, but in electron microscopy, a beam of electron is used to view the specimen. Light microscope is to study the living cells and the TEM and SEM is to study the magnified view of the cell. The light microscope shows fewer artifacts than TEM and SEM.