EP HUMAN BIOLOGY-MODIFIED MASTERING
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134326436
Author: Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON CO
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Chapter 6, Problem 1AWK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The role of calcium ions present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, in the contraction of muscles.
Introduction
Sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of muscles. It is almost similar to the endoplasmic reticulum except for its shape. Its main function is to store calcium. The major function of muscles is to contract in response to signal they receive from motor neurons.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
EP HUMAN BIOLOGY-MODIFIED MASTERING
Ch. 6 -
1. Do you think we should continue to try to...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2QCCh. 6 - Describe how muscle contraction can resist...Ch. 6 - Describe how a muscle's origin and insertion...Ch. 6 - Describe the roles of calcium in muscle...Ch. 6 -
4. Explain what causes rigor mortis.
Ch. 6 - Prob. 5CRCh. 6 - Prob. 6CRCh. 6 - Prob. 7CRCh. 6 -
8. Compare and contrast how a constant degree of...
Ch. 6 - Prob. 9CRCh. 6 - Prob. 10CRCh. 6 - Prob. 1TYCh. 6 -
2. Which of the following choices arranges the...Ch. 6 - All of the following are functions of the muscular...Ch. 6 -
4. Which of the following happens during muscle...Ch. 6 -
5. Botulism toxin inhibits the release of...Ch. 6 - The sliding filament mechanism describes the...Ch. 6 -
7. What is the first and most direct energy...Ch. 6 - As you clasp your hands in front of you and push...Ch. 6 -
9. All of the following may happen in response to...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is/are characteristic of...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is the site of calcium ion...Ch. 6 - What is the role of ATP in muscle function? a. ATP...Ch. 6 -
13. Which of the following would have motor units...Ch. 6 - Which type(s) of muscle cells can contract the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 15TYCh. 6 - Prob. 1AWKCh. 6 - Why do you think it is generally accepted medical...Ch. 6 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 6 - What would happen to a muscle if one of its...Ch. 6 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 6 - Prob. 6AWKCh. 6 - Prob. 7AWKCh. 6 - Prob. 8AWK
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- What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cell contraction?arrow_forwardWhich component is responsible for initially stimulating a muscle contraction? a. proteins b. electrochemical signals c. plasma membranes d. striationsarrow_forwardFigure 38.37 Which of the following statements about muscle contraction is true? The power stroke occurs when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and phosphate. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the myosin head. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the actin active site. The power stroke occurs when Ca2+ binds the calcium head.arrow_forward
- The _____ is the basic unit of muscle contraction. a. myofibril b. sarcomere c. muscle fiber d. myosin filamentarrow_forwardExplain why (a) calcium ions and (b) ACh are vital for muscle contraction.arrow_forwardSkeletal muscle has several distinct fiber types. Type I is used primarily for aerobic activity, whereas type II b is specialized for short, intense bursts of activity. How could you distinguish between these types of muscle fiber if you viewed them with an electron microscope?arrow_forward
- Put these events that occur in skeletal muscle in the correct chronological sequence: 1. Opening of mechanically-gated ryanodine receptors (RyR) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum 2. Ca²+ binding to troponin to initiate contraction 3. Activation of voltage-gated dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor in the T-tubule 4. Na+ influx through ligand-gated ion channels on the motor end plate 4, 3, 2, 1 2, 1, 4, 3 3, 1, 2, 4 4, 3, 1, 2 3, 1, 4, 2arrow_forwardPut these events that occur in skeletal muscle in the correct chronological sequence: 1. Activation of voltage-gated dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor in the T-tubule 2. Opening of mechanically-gated ryanodine receptors (RyR) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum 3. Na+ influx through ligand-gated ion channels on the motor end plate 4. Ca2+ binding to troponin 2, 1, 4, 3 4, 3, 2, 1 4, 3, 1, 2 3, 1, 4, 2 3, 1, 2, 4arrow_forwardOne of the primary characteristics of all muscle tissue is contractility, the ability to shorten (contract) and lengthen (relax). You've identified the various components of a myofibril above. Now, use the table below to indicate what occurs to each band, line, or zone when the muscle contracts vs. relaxes. What occurs to this region / structure during contraction/relaxation? Region / Structure A-Band H-Band I-Band M-Line Z-Line Zone of Overlap Sarcomere No change Shortens Lengthens Muscle Contraction Muscle Relaxationarrow_forward
- a) Through which method of intercellular signaling do motor neurons communicate with muscle fibers? b) Action potentials are an “all or nothing” response, so contraction of muscle fibers downstream of the neuromuscular junction is also an “all or nothing” process. Given that this is the case, briefly describe the two ways that muscles generate varying degrees of forcearrow_forwardCalmodulin is found in smooth muscle cells and performs a similar function to troponin in striated muscle fibers. However, calmodulin not only gets activated by Ca2+ but also slows the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. How might this difference relate to the different kinds of contractions smooth muscles do in comparison to striated muscles?arrow_forwardA skeletal muscle is packed with myofibrils consisting of a repeating chain of contractile units we call “sarcomere”. What happens when these contractile units slide past each other without shortening?arrow_forward
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