Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Vol. 1
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Vol. 1
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781429201322
Author: Paul A. Tipler, Gene Mosca
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 6, Problem 19P

(a)

To determine

Minimum amount of energy required.

(b)

To determine

Comparison of the energy required by capsule and that used by the United States in a year.

(c)

To determine

Minimum average power.

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1. The nearest stars, apart from the Sun, are light-years away from Earth. If we are to investigate these stars, our space ships will have to travel at an appreciable fraction of the speed of light. (a) You are in charge of estimating the energy required to accelerate a 10,000 kg capsule from rest to 10 percent of the speed of light in one year. What is the minimum amount of energy that is required? (b) Compare your estimate to the amount of energy that the United States uses in a year about 5 x 1020 ). (c) Estimate the minimum average power required of the propulsion system. ((a) 4.5 x 1018 J, (b) 0.9%, (c) 1.4 x 1011 W)
Our Sun shines bright with a luminosity of 3.828 x 1026 Watt. Her energy is responsible for many processes and the habitable temperatures on the Earth that make our life possible. (a) Calculate the amount of energy arriving on the Earth in a single day. (b) To how many litres of heating oil (energy density: 37.3 x 106 J/litre) is this equivalent?
Our universe has properties that are determined by thevalues of the fundamental physical constants, and it would be a muchdifferent place if the charge of the electron, the mass of the proton, orthe speed of light was substantially different from its actual value. Forinstance, the speed of light is so great that the effects of relativity usuallygo unnoticed in everyday events. Let’s imagine an alternate universewhere the speed of light is 1,000,000 times less than it is in ouruniverse to see what would happen. An airplane has a length of 60 m when measured at rest. When the airplane is moving at 180 m>s (400 mph) in the alternate universe, how long would the plane appear to be to a stationary observer? (a) 24 m; (b) 36 m; (c) 48 m; (d) 60 m; (e) 75 m.
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