Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134156415
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5.8, Problem 24CYU
Summary Introduction
To review:
The type of muscle tissuethatacts an effector to regulate constriction and dilation of blood vessels.
Introduction:
The temperature of blood in the body is an integral part of homeostasis that helps to regulate the normal functioning of the body. In order to achieve the maximum output of work from the body, it is important for the internal temperature to remain within the homeostatic limits. The temperature of the blood is a result of the temperature prevailing in its surroundings.
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Muscle Physiology
Some skeletal muscle fibers are “fast-twitch” fibers (white fibers), and others are “slow-twitch” (red) fibers. Would you expect an athlete proficient in running the 100-yard dash to have a greater proportion of red fibers or white fibers in muscles of the leg? Why?
Define the following:
Maximal stimulus
Threshold stimulus
Submaximal stimulus
A skeletal muscle can be stimulated, under laboratory conditions, with a supramaximal stimulus. Is it possible for the muscle to respond with a supramaximal contraction? Explain
Define a motor unit. Of what physiological advantage is a small motor unit arrangement in skeletal muscle?
Explain why a latent period is observed between the application of a stimulus and contraction of the stimulated muscle.
Explain, giving two causative factors, why skeletal muscle displays fatigue.
Does complete or incomplete tetanus occur physiologically? Explain.
Define the following:
Isometric contraction
Isotonic contraction
Optimum length…
Why smooth muscles appears to have the largest nuclei? Isn't it skeletal muscle?
Skeletal muscle structure
Use the dropdown menu to select the answer that best competes each statement.
Membranous channel extending inward from muscle fiber membrane (Click to select)
Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber (Click to select)
Connective tissue located between adjacent muscles (Click to select)
Layer of connective tissue that separates a muscle into small bundles called fascicles (Click to select) v
Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber (Click to select) v
Layer of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle (Click to select)
Chapter 5 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 5.1 - Which layer of the skin-dermis or epidermis-is...Ch. 5.2 - While walking barefoot in a barn, Jeremy stepped...Ch. 5.2 - The stratum basale is also called the stratum...Ch. 5.2 - Why are the desmosomes connecting the...Ch. 5.3 - Which layer of the dermis is responsible for...Ch. 5.3 - Which tissue of the hypodermis makes it a good...Ch. 5.3 - You have just gotten a paper cut. It is very...Ch. 5.4 - Melanin and carotene are two pigments that...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 9CYUCh. 5.4 - Which alteration in skin color may indicate a...
Ch. 5.5 - What are the concentric regions of a hair shaft,...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 12CYUCh. 5.5 - What is the role of an arrectorpili muscle?Ch. 5.5 - What is the function of the hair papilla?Ch. 5.6 - Why is the lunule of a nail white instead of pink...Ch. 5.6 - Why are nails so hard?Ch. 5.7 - Which cutaneous glands are associated with hair...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 18CYUCh. 5.7 - Prob. 19CYUCh. 5.7 - Sebaceous glands are not found in thick skin. Why...Ch. 5.8 - What chemicals produced in the skin help provide...Ch. 5.8 - Which epidermal cells play a role in body...Ch. 5.8 - How is sunlight important to bone health?Ch. 5.8 - Prob. 24CYUCh. 5.9 - Which type of skin cancer develops from the...Ch. 5.9 - What name is given to the rule for recognizing the...Ch. 5.9 - The healing of burns and epidermal regeneration is...Ch. 5.9 - Prob. 28CYUCh. 5 - Which epidermal cell type is most numerous? (a)...Ch. 5 - Which cell functions as part of the immune system?...Ch. 5 - The epidermis provides a physical barrier due...Ch. 5 - Skin color is determined by (a) the amount of...Ch. 5 - The sensations of touch and pressure are picked up...Ch. 5 - Which is not a true statement about the papillary...Ch. 5 - Skin surface markings that reflect points of tight...Ch. 5 - Which of the following is not an epidermal...Ch. 5 - An arrector pili muscle (a) is associated with...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10MCCh. 5 - Sebum (a) lubricates the surface of the skin and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 12MCCh. 5 - Which epidermal cells are also called prickle...Ch. 5 - Is a bald man really hairless? Explain.Ch. 5 - You go to the beach to swim on an extremely hot,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 16SAQCh. 5 - Describe the process of hair formation, and list...Ch. 5 - Prob. 18SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 19SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 20SAQCh. 5 - Why are there no skin cancers that originate from...Ch. 5 - A man got his finger caught in a machine at the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 23SAQCh. 5 - A common belief is that having your hair cut makes...Ch. 5 - Integumentary System A terrible collision between...Ch. 5 - Integumentary System A terrible collision between...Ch. 5 - Integumentary System A terrible collision between...Ch. 5 - Integumentary System A terrible collision between...
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- Skeletal muscle cells cannot divide. How does skeletal muscle repair itself when injured?arrow_forwardAntigarvity muscles maintain stretch reflex for prolonged periods withoutfatigue, because :-a- they are heavily innervated by α -motor neuronsb- they obtain their energy needs mainly from anaerobic metabolic processesc- they contain exceptionally high levels of creatine phosphated- they are rich in mitochondriaarrow_forwardWhat stimulates Golgi tendon organs? A muscle is contracting with minimal tension. A muscle is stretched nearly to its limit. A muscle has become metabolically active. A muscle starts to relax after strenuous exercise.arrow_forward
- FILL IN BLANKS smoothstriatedmany cellsone cell per fiberbranchedlong, straightspindle-shapedautorhythmicinvoluntary/autonomicvoluntary/somatic motorarrow_forwardCardiac muscle differs from smooth and skeletal muscle because.... It is composed of long and cylindrical fibers, each of which has multiple nuclei. It is composed of a branching network of fibers and is only found in vertebrates. It typically contracts more rapidly than skeletal or smooth muscle. It is composed of long and cylindrical fibers with one nucleus per cell. It is composed of a branching network protected by chitin.arrow_forwardWhat would happen to muscle function if you ingested a toxin that completely inactivated troponin? The toxin inhibits its ability to change conformation. How would this affect muscle contraction?arrow_forward
- Smooth muscle can be found in the ____. walls of the bronchioles and blood vessels walls of the heart diaphragm synovial cavities of joints All of these structures contain smooth muscle. 2. Smooth muscle cells _____. each have a single neuromuscular junction where all of their receptors for neurotransmitter are located have receptors for neurotransmitters widely distributed over their entire membranes only respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine 3. An advantage of smooth muscle over skeletal muscle is that smooth muscle ____. can develop force more rapidly than skeletal muscle can shorten more rapidly than skeletal muscle…arrow_forwardWhen Skeletal muscle contracts an arrangement of the alternating light and dark bands traversing each skeletal muscle cell changes. Which of the following statements is not correct. (Select one answer) (a) The dark A bands will remain a constant length(b) The space occupied by the H zone will not change(c) The light I bands will shorten(d) The z lines come closer together(e) The I band consists solely of thin actin filamentsarrow_forwardPart B - Electrical and Chemical Events of Muscle Contraction Match the type of articulation with the best description of either its functionality or arrangement of tissue. > View Available Hint(s) Reset Help Motor unit Also known as an 1Cimpulse, 1D a(n) is an electrical signal that is produced on Neurotransmitters excitable membrane such as muscle and nerve tissue. All-or-none principle are chemicals released at the synaptic terminal of a neuron that can transmit an Muscle fatigue Sm impulse to a muscle fiber. Action potential A muscle fiber is either contracted or it's not. This is the Recruitment A runner competing in the 50-yard dash has muscles in the legs that are undergoing Complete tetanus is described as àll the muscle fibers controlled by the same motor neuron. is the process by which a muscle produces more force to pick up a brick verses a feather. You are at the finish line of the Boston Marathon and see a runner fall a few yards from the finish line. This runner is…arrow_forward
- Neuromuscular junction, also called myoneural junction, site of chemical communication between a nerve fibre and a muscle cell. The neuromuscular junction is analogous to the synapse between two neurons. A nerve fibre divides into many terminal branches; each terminal ends on a region of muscle fibre called the end plate. Synaptic Cleft is the space between the presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic cell. It is roughly the size of 30 nm. The synaptic cleft allows the neurotransmitters to diffuse and reach the other side of the synapse or the neuromuscular junction. It also contains enzymes for the degradation of the excess or extra neurotransmitters. Embedded in the end plate are thousands of receptors, which are long protein molecules that form channels through the membrane. Upon stimulation by a nerve impulse, the terminal releases the chemical neurotransmitter acetylcholine from synaptic vesicles. Acetylcholine then binds to the receptors, the channels open, and sodium ions flow into…arrow_forwardWhich muscle type has the most elaborate connective tissue wrappings? Please explain. What do striated mean relative to muscle cells? Please explain further.arrow_forwardMuscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly because theyarrow_forward
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