An Introduction to Thermal Physics
An Introduction to Thermal Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780201380279
Author: Daniel V. Schroeder
Publisher: Addison Wesley
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Chapter 5.6, Problem 83P
To determine

The equilibrium conditions.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Explanation of Solution

Given:

The chemical reactions are

  2HH2 ……. (1)

  2CO+O22CO2 …… (2)

  CH4+2O22H2O+CO2 ……. (3)

  H2SO42H++SO42- …… (4)

  2p+2n4He …… (5)

Introduction:

Chemical equilibrium is a state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the backward reaction. In other words, there is no net change in concentrations of reactants and products. This kind of equilibrium is also called dynamic equilibrium.

In other word, chemical equilibrium for a chemical equation can be stated when the sum of chemical potentials of the reactants is equal to the sum of the chemical potential of the products.

The equilibrium condition for reaction (1) is:

  2μH=μH2

Here, μH is the chemical potential of H and μH2 is the chemical potential of H2 .

The equilibrium condition for reaction (2) is:

  2μCO+μO2=2μCO2

Here, μCO is the chemical potential of CO , μO2 is the chemical potential of O2 and μCO2 is the chemical potential of CO2 .

The equilibrium condition for reaction (3) is:

  μCH4+2μO2=2μH2O+μCO2

Here, μCH4 is the chemical potential of CH4 , μO2 is the chemical potential of O2 , μCO2 is the chemical potential of CO2 and μH2O is the chemical potential of H2O .

The equilibrium condition for reaction (4) is:

  2μH2SO4=2μH++μSO42-

Here, μH2SO4 is the chemical potential of H2SO4 , μH+ is the chemical potential of H+ and μSO42- is the chemical potential of SO42- .

The equilibrium condition for reaction (5) is:

  2μp+2μn=4μHe

Here, μp is the chemical potential of p , μn is the chemical potential of n and μHe is the chemical potential of He .

Conclusion:

Thus, the conditions for the chemical equilibrium of the reactions are stated.

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Chapter 5 Solutions

An Introduction to Thermal Physics

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