Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 55.1, Problem 1LO
Summarize the concept of energy flow through a food web.
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Normal dive (for diving humans)
normal
breathing
dive
normal
breathing
Oz level
CO2 level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
high CO2 triggers breathing
6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in
diving humans.
How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
foraging/diet type
teeth
tongue
stomach
intestines
cecum
Insectivory
numerous, spiky, incisors procumbentExample: moleExample: shrew
--
simple
short
mostly lacking
Myrmecophagy
absent or reduced in numbers, peg-likeExample: tamandua anteater
extremely long
simple, often roughened
short
small or lacking
Terrestrial carnivory
sharp incisors; long, conical canines; often carnassial cheek teeth; may have crushing molarsExample: dog
--
simple
short
small
Aquatic carnivory
homodont, spiky, numerousExample: common dolphin
--
simple or multichambered (cetaceans only)
variable
small or absent
Sanguinivory
very sharp upper incisors; reduced cheek teethExample: vampire bat
grooved
tubular, highly extensible
long
small or lacking
Herbivory (except nectivores)
incisors robust or absent; canines reduced or absent; diastema; cheek teeth enlarged with complex occlusal surfacesExample: beaver
--
simple (hindgut fermenters) or multichambered (ruminants)
long
large
Filter feeding
none…
3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species
(A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your
answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the
diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences?
Species A
3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3
པར『ན་
cm 30
Species B
4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4
cm 10
Species C
0/4, 0/0,3/3, 3/3
020
Chapter 55 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 55.1 - Summarize the concept of energy flow through a...Ch. 55.1 - Explain typical pyramids of numbers, biomass, and...Ch. 55.1 - Distinguish between gross primary productivity and...Ch. 55.1 - VISUALIZE Draw a diagram tracing energy flow...Ch. 55.1 - What are trophic levels, and how are they related...Ch. 55.1 - How do gross primary productivity (GPP) and net...Ch. 55.2 - Describe the main steps in each of these...Ch. 55.2 - What are the roles of the following processes in...Ch. 55.2 - VISUALIZE Draw a diagram showing the five steps in...Ch. 55.2 - How does the phosphorus cycle proceed without a...
Ch. 55.3 - Summarize the effects of solar energy on Earths...Ch. 55.3 - Discuss the roles of solar energy and the Coriolis...Ch. 55.3 - Give two causes of regional precipitation...Ch. 55.3 - Discuss the effects of fire on certain ecosystems.Ch. 55.3 - What basic forces determine the circulation of the...Ch. 55.3 - What basic forces produce the main ocean currents?Ch. 55.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 55.4 - Briefly describe some of the long-term ecological...Ch. 55.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 55 - The movement of matter is _______________ in...Ch. 55 - A complex of interconnected food chains in an...Ch. 55 - The quantitative estimate of the total amount of...Ch. 55 - Which of the following equations shows the...Ch. 55 - Which of the following processes increase(s) the...Ch. 55 - In the nitrogen cycle, gaseous nitrogen is...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 7. The conversion of...Ch. 55 - Which biogeochemical cycle does not have a gaseous...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 9. Which of the following...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 10 The periodic warming of...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 11 A mountain range may...Ch. 55 - VISUALIZE Draw the simplest stable ecosystem you...Ch. 55 - PREDICT How might a food web change if all...Ch. 55 - Why is the cycling of matter essential to the...Ch. 55 - What would happen to the nitrogen cycle if all...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 16 Would the microclimate...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 17 INTERPRET DATA Examine...Ch. 55 - INTERTRET DATA Scientists have compiled databases...Ch. 55 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY How do humans...
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- 3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species (A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences? Species A 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3 cm 30 Species B 0/4, 0/0, 3/3, 3/3 cm 10 Species C 4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4 E 0 cm 20 AILarrow_forwardNormal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO₂ level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO₂ triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. • How might the location and slope of the O2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?arrow_forwardHow much ATP will be produced during the following metabolic scenario: Aerobic respiration of a 5mM lipid solution that is made up of one glycerol and an 8-carbon fatty acid and 12-carbon fatty acid. Recall that when glycerol breaks down to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate it costs one ATP but your get an extra FADH2. Every two carbons of a fatty acid break down to one acetyl-CoA. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in mM of ATP.arrow_forward
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