Mindtap Biology, 1 Term (6 Months) Printed Access Card For Solomon/martin/martin/berg's Biology, 11th
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337393096
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 55, Problem 3TYU
The quantitative estimate of the total amount of living material is called (a) biomass (b) energy flow (c) gross primary productivity (d) plant respiration (e) net primary productivity
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Netprimary productivity is the primary productivity of an ecosystem, aftersubtracting energy lost in:a.dead plant tissues.b.inedible plant tissues.c.respiration by primary producers.d.respiration by primary consumers.e.inefficiencies of photosynthesis.
Which of the following would be a
reason why incumbents may have
an absolute cost advantage over
entrants?
a. Incumbents may have plants in the most
desirable locations.
O b. Incumbents' output may be greater.
O c.
Incumbents may be able to offer lower prices
than entrants.
O d. Entrants face an opportunity cost of using scarce
inputs, but incumbents do not.
Which of the terms describes energy made by producers?
O B and C
O C) Secondary production
O A) Net primary productivity
O B) Gross primary productivity
O A and B
O A only
O B only
Chapter 55 Solutions
Mindtap Biology, 1 Term (6 Months) Printed Access Card For Solomon/martin/martin/berg's Biology, 11th
Ch. 55.1 - Summarize the concept of energy flow through a...Ch. 55.1 - Explain typical pyramids of numbers, biomass, and...Ch. 55.1 - Distinguish between gross primary productivity and...Ch. 55.1 - VISUALIZE Draw a diagram tracing energy flow...Ch. 55.1 - What are trophic levels, and how are they related...Ch. 55.1 - How do gross primary productivity (GPP) and net...Ch. 55.2 - Describe the main steps in each of these...Ch. 55.2 - What are the roles of the following processes in...Ch. 55.2 - VISUALIZE Draw a diagram showing the five steps in...Ch. 55.2 - How does the phosphorus cycle proceed without a...
Ch. 55.3 - Summarize the effects of solar energy on Earths...Ch. 55.3 - Discuss the roles of solar energy and the Coriolis...Ch. 55.3 - Give two causes of regional precipitation...Ch. 55.3 - Discuss the effects of fire on certain ecosystems.Ch. 55.3 - What basic forces determine the circulation of the...Ch. 55.3 - What basic forces produce the main ocean currents?Ch. 55.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 55.4 - Briefly describe some of the long-term ecological...Ch. 55.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 55 - The movement of matter is _______________ in...Ch. 55 - A complex of interconnected food chains in an...Ch. 55 - The quantitative estimate of the total amount of...Ch. 55 - Which of the following equations shows the...Ch. 55 - Which of the following processes increase(s) the...Ch. 55 - In the nitrogen cycle, gaseous nitrogen is...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 7. The conversion of...Ch. 55 - Which biogeochemical cycle does not have a gaseous...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 9. Which of the following...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 10 The periodic warming of...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 11 A mountain range may...Ch. 55 - VISUALIZE Draw the simplest stable ecosystem you...Ch. 55 - PREDICT How might a food web change if all...Ch. 55 - Why is the cycling of matter essential to the...Ch. 55 - What would happen to the nitrogen cycle if all...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 16 Would the microclimate...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 17 INTERPRET DATA Examine...Ch. 55 - INTERTRET DATA Scientists have compiled databases...Ch. 55 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY How do humans...
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- b) Describe the relationship between Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), Net Primary Productivity (NPP), and Respiration (R)- but do not use any of these terms! How would you describe it to someone who does not like all those technical words? Coarrow_forwardWhich of the following is a component of an ecosystem but not of an ecological community? (a) a producer (b) water (c) a secondary consumer (d) a primary consumerarrow_forwardCan you help find the gross primary production?arrow_forward
- 1) A scientist finds that the gross primary productivity of the grasslands of the central United States is 55 g / m2 / year. If the respiration loss is 33 g / m2 / year, what is the net primary productivity? a) subtraction from gross productivity and respiration.b) The same as primary productivity.c) The value of respiration.d) The sum of gross primary productivity and respiration.arrow_forwardA family travels from New York City to Costa Rica three times a year for a vacation. The family would like to purchase some forested land in the Catskills, keeping the trees intact as an offset to the carbon dioxide they produce travelling each year. How much forest must they purchase? Use the following assumptions to measure the carbon offset provided by this intact forest. • The biomass of the forest increases at an annual rate of 2.8 × 105 kg/ha. • The forest biomass is 45% carbon by mass. • There are four people in the family. • 0.2 kg of CO2 is produced each mile per person on the flight. • The round-trip distance is 4,500 miles. • There are 2.47 acres in one hectare. 1. Calculate the mass of carbon, in kilograms, that is accumulated and stored in 1.0 ha of this forest in one year. 2. Calculate the mass of carbon, in kilograms, that is emitted by the family as a result of their round-trip flights to Costa Rica each year. 3. Calculate the number of acres of forest that must be…arrow_forwardApproximately how many kilograms (kg) of carnivore (secondary consumer) biomass can be supported by an area of a field containing 100 kg of plant material (assuming 10% efficiency in energy transfer)? O 10 O 100 O 1 O 1,000arrow_forward
- Which of the following natural resources humans gain from plants is the LEAST renewable? a) Peat b) Coal c) Wood d) Fruit e) A and B are equally non-renewablearrow_forwardThis conceptual model to the right shows the flow of energy through a spring ecosystem in Silver Springs, Florida from Figure 46.8 in your textbook. 7a. Which value/number on this diagram represents gross primary productivity (GPP)? Express using the units kcal/m?/yr. Sunlight 1,700,000 kcalim?lyr Primary producers 13,187 20,810 7,618 4,250 Primary consumers 7b. Which value/number represents net primary productivity (NPP)? Express using the units kcal/m?/yr. 2,265 3,368 1,103 720 Secondary consumers 272 383 111 90 7c. What accounts for the difference in GPP and NPP? Tertiary consumers 16 21 5 Decomposers 7d. What is the efficiency of energy transfer between the primary producers and the primary consumers? Is this more or less efficient than the transfer between a 5,060 5,060 Total heat and respiration 20,810 secondary consumer and tertiary consumer? Explain. respiration + heat to decomposersarrow_forwardGive one term in each of the following descriptions. (a) ..................is the progressive development of vegetation in an area through a series of plant communities, ending in a climax community. (b) .... is a broad ecological unit that represents a major life zone extending over a large natural area (c) these have comparatively lower fibre content; remain nutritive in winter and after maturity, hence remain palatable to stock. (d) is the process by which a quiescent (state of inactivity) embryonic plant contained within a caryopsis (seed) is stimulated to develop into a seedling. (e) The unit of vegetation whose variation is small enough to permit it to have the same farming potentialitiesarrow_forward
- Which of these hypotheses does not explain why increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere could cause a decrease in the productivity of some crops because of changes in climate? A) There could be increases in average winter temperatures that reduce the growth of crops. B) There could be decreases in precipitation in some regions that reduce growth in some crops. C) There could be shifts in the ranges of some important species in the community, such as pollinators, that cause reduction of growth in some crops.arrow_forwardAlberta Einstein might have said once that: “if the bee disappears from the surface of the earth, man would have no more than four years to live. No more bees, no more pollination, no more plants, no more animals, no more man.” Pollination is an example of a large-scale process with significant implications for humans described as a/an: a) Trophic pyramid b) Ecosystem engineer c) Ecosystem service d) Trophic cascade which one?arrow_forwardThis conceptual model to the right shows the flow of energy through a spring ecosystem in Silver Springs, Florida from Figure 46.8 in your textbook. 7a. Which value/number on this diagram represents gross primary productivity (GPP)? Express using the units kcal/m?/yr. Sunlight 1,700,000 kcal/m?lyr Primary producers 13,187 20,810 7,618 4,250 Primary consumers 7b. Which value/number represents net primary productivity (NPP)? Express using the units kcal/m²/yr. 2,265 3,368 1,103 720 Secondary consumers 272 383 111 90 7c. What accounts for the difference in GPP and NPP? Tertiary consumers 16 21 Decomposers 7d. What is the efficiency of energy transfer between the primary producers and the primary consumers? Is this more or less efficient than the transfer between a secondary consumer and tertiary consumer? Explain. 5,060 5,060 Total heat and respiration 20,810 respiration + heat to decomposersarrow_forward
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