Concept explainers
Introduction: All the organisms interact with each other and with the environment to survive. The branch of science that deals with the study of the interaction of organism and nature is called ecology. Behavioral ecology is a type of ecology that studies the behavior of a species.

Answer to Problem 1TY
Correct answer: The proximate reason for the male deer fighting over females is the changes in day length. Hence, the correct answer is option d.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for correct answer:
Proximate causes are the genetic and physiological factors that influence the behavioral pattern of organisms. It has been observed that the male deer fight with each other to mate with female deer. This is because of the changes in the day length which brings hormonal changes in male deer. These are physiological changes as the male deer fight only in case of altered day length and not in the day with normal length. Therefore, the proximate cause of male deer fighting over female is changes in day length.
Option d. is given as “Because changes in day length stimulate this behavior”.
The changes in day length stimulate behavior that causes the male deer to fight over females. Hence, the correct answer is option d.
Reasons for incorrect answer:
Option a. is given as, “To determine their supremacy over other males”.
Proximate causes occur due to genetic and physiological factors. The determination of supremacy over other males is a social factor. It does not show any genetic or physiological pattern. Determining supremacy is not a proximate cause of male deer fighting over females. Hence, option a. is incorrect.
Option b. is given as, “To injure other males so that those males cannot mate with the females”.
The proximate causes include two factors, namely genetic and physiological. Any attack on male deer to reduce their mating chances is not a proximate cause as it does not include any genetic or physiological factor. Hence, option b. is incorrect.
Option c. is given as, “To maximize the number of genes the male deer pass on”.
Proximate causes include genetic and behavioral factors. The number of genes is a genetic factor. However, maximizing the gene number cannot be achieved by male deer fighting over females. Hence, option c. is incorrect.
Option e. is given as, “Because fighting helps rid the herd of weaker individuals”.
The fighting of males to get rid of weaker individuals cannot be a proximate cause. This is because, it does not include any genetic or physiological factors. Hence, option e. is incorrect.
Hence, the options a., b., c., and e. are incorrect.
Therefore, the proximate cause of the male deer fighting over the female deer is changes in day length.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 55 Solutions
Biology
- What did the Cre-lox system used in the Kikuchi et al. 2010 heart regeneration experiment allow researchers to investigate? What was the purpose of the cmlc2 promoter? What is CreER and why was it used in this experiment? If constitutively active Cre was driven by the cmlc2 promoter, rather than an inducible CreER system, what color would you expect new cardiomyocytes in the regenerated area to be no matter what? Why?arrow_forwardWhat kind of organ size regulation is occurring when you graft multiple organs into a mouse and the graft weight stays the same?arrow_forwardWhat is the concept "calories consumed must equal calories burned" in regrads to nutrition?arrow_forward
- You intend to insert patched dominant negative DNA into the left half of the neural tube of a chick. 1) Which side of the neural tube would you put the positive electrode to ensure that the DNA ends up on the left side? 2) What would be the internal (within the embryo) control for this experiment? 3) How can you be sure that the electroporation method itself is not impacting the embryo? 4) What would you do to ensure that the electroporation is working? How can you tell?arrow_forwardDescribe a method to document the diffusion path and gradient of Sonic Hedgehog through the chicken embryo. If modifying the protein, what is one thing you have to consider in regards to maintaining the protein’s function?arrow_forwardThe following table is from Kumar et. al. Highly Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor (DR) Antagonists and Partial Agonists Based on Eticlopride and the D3R Crystal Structure: New Leads for Opioid Dependence Treatment. J. Med Chem 2016.arrow_forward
- The following figure is from Caterina et al. The capsaicin receptor: a heat activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature, 1997. Black boxes indicate capsaicin, white circles indicate resinferatoxin. You are a chef in a fancy new science-themed restaurant. You have a recipe that calls for 1 teaspoon of resinferatoxin, but you feel uncomfortable serving foods with "toxins" in them. How much capsaicin could you substitute instead?arrow_forwardWhat protein is necessary for packaging acetylcholine into synaptic vesicles?arrow_forward1. Match each vocabulary term to its best descriptor A. affinity B. efficacy C. inert D. mimic E. how drugs move through body F. how drugs bind Kd Bmax Agonist Antagonist Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamicsarrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning


