Campbell Biology Custom Stony Brook 10 Th Edition
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781269870818
Author: Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 54, Problem 7TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Top down control refers to the situation where the removal of a top predator leads to disruption of the food chain. The top predator regulates the population of herbivores, which in turn regulate the population of plants. The plants regulate the nutrient level through absorption from the soil. Thus, the removal of top predator can result in drastic changes in the ecosystem.
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Chapter 54 Solutions
Campbell Biology Custom Stony Brook 10 Th Edition
Ch. 54.1 - Explain how competition, predation, and mutualism...Ch. 54.1 - According to the principle of competitive...Ch. 54.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 54.2 - What two components contribute to species...Ch. 54.2 - How is a food chain different from a food web?Ch. 54.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 54.3 - Why do high and low levels of disturbance usually...Ch. 54.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.3 - WHAT IF? Most prairies experience regular fires,...Ch. 54.4 - Describe two hypotheses that explain why species...
Ch. 54.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.4 - WHAT IF? Based on MacArthur and Wilson's island...Ch. 54.5 - What are pathogens?Ch. 54.5 - WHAT IF? Rabies, a viral disease in mammals, is...Ch. 54 - Prob. 54.1CRCh. 54 - Based on indexes such as Shannon diversity, is a...Ch. 54 - Is the disturbance pictured in figure 54.25 more...Ch. 54 - How have periods of glaciation influenced...Ch. 54 - Prob. 54.5CRCh. 54 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 54 - The principle of competitive exclusion states that...Ch. 54 - Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis,...Ch. 54 - According to the island equilibrium model, species...Ch. 54 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 54 - The most plausible hypothesis to explain why...Ch. 54 - Community 1 contains 100 individuals distributed...Ch. 54 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 54 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Explain why adaptations of...Ch. 54 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 54 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In Batesian...Ch. 54 - Prob. 14TYU
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- Competition between species on the same trophic tier leads to four potential outcomes, 3 are deterministic (zero sum games where one species goes extinct and the other maximizes their growth to balance at the carrying capacity) and one where both competitors survive, but neither does well. A) This dynamic suggests that extirpation (local extinction) of populations is a far more likely outcome than co-existence. How does this affect management policies aimed at increasing biodiversity and proliferation of inter and intra population and interspecies variation. B) Endangered species are defined by low growth rates (r) and low K (reflecting high demand for resources). What are the implications of both these factors on the outcome of competition scenarios, especially the most common scenario of alternate stable states?arrow_forwardThe graph above is from a paper by Dave Tilman published in 1994. Which of the following statements is consistent with the graph? A) The results contradicts the intermediate disturbance hypothesis B) Increasing diversity increases community stability C) The results support the intermediate disturbance hypothesis.arrow_forwardBased on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis,a community’s species diversity is increased by(A) frequent massive disturbance.(B) stable conditions with no disturbance.(C) moderate levels of disturbance.(D) human intervention to eliminate disturbance.arrow_forward
- nonmigratory wildebeest populations are limited, mainly by factors that are a.) density independent, top down b.) density independent, bottom up. c.) density dependent, top down d.) density dependent, bottom uparrow_forwardWhich limiting factor would affect the carrying capacity for all species in the pictured ecosystem? a) Number of trees for giraffes b) Hunting behavior of lions c) Birth rate of the giraffes d) Amount of grasslandarrow_forwardCapturing and relocating is stressful for animals. In the zebra example, what are the stages of reintroduction, and what purpose does each step serve? Why is the buffalo considered a success story for reintroduction? (And -- based on what you know from lecture, what type of population growth pattern does this indicate?) Park managers use the term “adaptive management”; what do you think this means, and what are two benefits of this approach to managing ecosystems?arrow_forward
- In a grassland ecosystem, scientists manipulate the nutrient levels in the soil. They observe that increasing soil nutrients leads to a significant increase in the abundance of grass species. This, in turn, supports a larger population of herbivores, which subsequently attracts more predators. What type of control is described in this scenario and why? Group of answer choices Bottom-up control: Increased nutrient levels enhance primary production, which supports higher herbivore and predator populations Bottom-up control: Increased predator populations reduce herbivore numbers, which leads to a decrease in primary production Top-down control: Predator abundance directly affects primary production by influencing herbivore populations Top-down control: Herbivores increase due to higher grass abundance, which in turn affects predator populationsarrow_forwardDo forest use and grazing make up a larger part of the footprint for temperate-zone industrialized nations such as Canada and the United States or for tropical-zone developing nations such as Kenya and Tanzania? What do you think accounts for this difference between these two types of nations? What else besides land use of forests and grasslands contributes to an ecological footprint?arrow_forwardSustainable conservation practices aim to balance human needs with the protection of biodiversity. Which of the following is NOT typically considered a sustainable conservation strategy? (a) Establishing protected areas for endangered species. (b) Implementing quotas and regulations on resource extraction. (c) Promoting habitat restoration and ecological corridors. (d) Encouraging the introduction of non-native species for pest control.arrow_forward
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