EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 8220101459299
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 5.4, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To explain:
Why the sodium-potassium pump would not be considered a co-transporter.
Concept introduction:
Co-transport is a process in which one solute is transported down its concentration gradient coupled with the transport of another solute against its concentration gradient. This process is mediated by transport proteins present in the cell membrane called co-transporter.
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Palytoxin is a deadly compound found in certain marine
animals. When scientists first isolated palytoxin from sea
corals in the 1970s, they did not know how it affected
people exposed to it. In time, they began to suspect that
the toxin was interfering with the sodium-potassium pump.
Researchers have measured the effect of palytoxin on ion
transport through the sodium-potassium pump using the
patch-clamp technique. This involves using a fine-tipped
microelectrode to measure the electric current across pumps
in the cell membrane. In this activity, you will examine some
of the researchers' results and conclusions.
Procedure
1. Read the following observations that researchers made
after adding palytoxin to a membrane, and then answer
the questions.
• Observation 1: The current across a single pump
jumped from 0 picoamperes to 1 picoamperes.
• Observation 2: When ATP was added to the
cytoplasm-facing side of the membrane, the current
across a group of pumps increased by a factor of 8…
Why is it important to determine percent change in mass in regards of an Osmosis Experiment ?
Whereas electrical currents are carried by electrons in copper wire,they are carried by ions in aqueous solutions. Explain how anactive-transport mechanism can create an electrical current acrossa membrane.
Chapter 5 Solutions
EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
Ch. 5.1 - Plasma membrane proteins have carbohydrates...Ch. 5.1 - WHAT IF? How would the membrane lipid composition...Ch. 5.2 - What property allows O2 and CO2, to cross a lipid...Ch. 5.2 - Why is a transport protein needed to move many...Ch. 5.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Aquaporins exclude passage of...Ch. 5.3 - How do you think a cell performing cellular...Ch. 5.3 - WHAT IF? If a Paramecium caudatum cell swims from...Ch. 5.4 - Sodium-potassium pumps help nerve cells establish...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the characteristics of the...
Ch. 5.5 - As a cell grows, its plasma membrane expands. Does...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In Concept 4.7, you learned that...Ch. 5.6 - During an epinephrine-initiated signal in liver...Ch. 5.6 - When a signal transduction pathway involves a...Ch. 5.6 - WHAT IF? How can a target cells response to a...Ch. 5 - In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell...Ch. 5 - Which of the following factors would tend to...Ch. 5 - Phosphorylation cascades involving a series of...Ch. 5 - Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as...Ch. 5 - Which of the following processes includes all the...Ch. 5 - Based on Figure 5.17.which of these experimental...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 5 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Extensive...Ch. 5 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Paramecium and other...Ch. 5 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS A human pancreatic cell...Ch. 5 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE In the supermarket,...
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- Describe the mechanism by which a transporter of a mediatedtransport system moves a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.arrow_forwardIn cardiac muscle cells, the sodium-calcium exchanger maintains a low Ca²+ concentration in the cytoplasm. This antiporter works by exporting a single calcium ion for the import of three sodium ions. Find AG for the overall reaction.arrow_forwardThe simple form of |Hoff equation is: II = [B]RT In this equation the [B] is the molar concentration of solute. So: n m [B] = v MV = cg /MA Where c, the mass concentration of the solute is in the total volume of solution and M, is the molar mass of the solute. This equation can be replaced in the previous one to get: RT II = MA In this equation molar mass of given solute can be detemined from the slope of the II vs Cz plot. This equation applies only to solutions that are sufficiently dilute to behave as ideal-dilute solutions. In the case of non-ideal solutions, however, the extended formula is: II = [B]RT{1+ k. [B] + n. [B]² + ...} Biological macromolecules dissolve to produce solutions that are far from ideal, but we can still calculate the osmotic pressure by assuming that the van't Hoff equation is only the first term of a lengthier expression: II [B]RT(1+ b. [B]) II = RT + bRT. [B] [B] II = RT + bRT./M. */Ma п RT ÞRT Ca MA MA In this equation molar mass of given biomolecule can…arrow_forward
- the sodium channel exchanger NCX transports sodium into and calcium out of cardiac muscle cells. Describe why this itransporter is classified as secondary active transport?arrow_forwardIf the activity of the Na+/HCO3− symporter were increased, how would blood pH change? Why?arrow_forwardReverse osmosis uses extreme pressure to force water through many layers of selectively permeable membranes. This traps the salt and other dissolved solutes on one side of the membrane, while pure water builds up on the other side. explain why this process is called "reverse osmosis" and describe at least one positive or negative impact of using this technology to desalinate water.arrow_forward
- A solution that is described by the term hypertonic means that it isarrow_forwardGive an example of a secondary active transport event that results from the primary active transportation of Na+ and K+ by the sodium-potassium antiport pump.arrow_forwardIn an investigation of osmosis, apple cores were submerged in different molarity solutions to determine the unknown osmolarity of the apple. To determine the molarity five uniform apple cores were massed before submerging them in different molarity solutions. After 24 hours the apple cores were massed again. Then the percent change in mass was determined for the five uniform apple cores in each molarity solution. (b) Identify the osmolarity of the apple.arrow_forward
- The mixing of liquids is critical in microfluidic analytical systems and is often taking place in Y-shaped junctions as seen in Figure Q4b. The inlets are 50 μm wide and 50 µm high, and the outlet is 50 μm wide and 50 μm high. The aim of the device is to analyse IgG with a diffusion coefficient of 4-10 cm²-s¹. Determine the shortest length of the channel to ensure complete mixing when the flowrate in each of the inlet channels is 1 µl/h. [4] Inlet 1 50 µm Inlet 2 Select one: O a. 8.65mm O b. 3.47 mm O c. 112 pm O d. 5.34 mm 50 µm Outlet Figure Q4b. Schematic of a Y-shaped microfluidic device used for mixing two fluids.arrow_forwardCalculate, or make a best estimate of, the unknown factors in the situations listed in Table 1. Table 1. Data for problem 1. To find Data (i) Ek [K+]out = 4 mM; [K+]in = 130 mM (ii) [Cl-]in [Cl-]out = 570 mM; ECl = -65 mV (iii) ECl [Cl-]out = 150 mM; [Cl-]in = 8 mM; in a mammal (iv) [Na+]in Overshoot of action potential = +35 mV; saline [Na+] = 112 mM (v) [K+]in Blood [K+] = 3.2 mM; undershoot of action potential = -87 mV (vi) ECa [Ca2+]out = 5.6 mM; free [Ca2+]in = 0.8 mM (vii) [K+]out [K+]in = 350 mM; Ek = -82 mVarrow_forwardName two main steps which are collectively referred to as down streaming process. Why is this process significant?arrow_forward
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