Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 53, Problem 11PIAT
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The factors that affect and determine the productivity of an ecosystem depend on the temperature, availability of sunlight, water, and nutrients.
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Primary”succession is succession that:a.involves establishment of primary producers where there were none.b.leads to establishment of a climax community dominated by primaryproducers.c.occurs on newly exposed geologic substrates, not organic soil.d.occurs where organic soils have been exposed but not destroyed bydisturbance.e.occurs after fire or agricultural abandonment.
A) Summarize what the data show concerning the change in productivity and mortality of the Amazon rainforest from 1980 to 2015.
B) What consequences does this have on the global carbon cycle and climate change?
Which of the following rows correctly describes the biotic and abiotic factors that change during each type of succession?
Select one:
a.
Type of Succession
Abiotic Factors
Biotic Factors
Primary
Plant diversity will decrease.
Lava from volcano will harden to produce new land.
b.
Type of Succession
Abiotic Factors
Biotic Factors
Secondary
Soil is still present.
Plant diversity will increase.
c.
Type of Succession
Abiotic Factors
Biotic Factors
Secondary
Plant diversity will increase.
Soil is still present.
d.
Type of Succession
Abiotic Factors
Biotic Factors
Primary
Lava from volcano will harden to produce new land.
Plant diversity will decrease.
Chapter 53 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 53 - What is the main global reservoir of nitrogen?Ch. 53 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 53 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 53 - Devegetation has what effect on ecosystem...Ch. 53 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 53 - Explain why decomposition rates in a field in...Ch. 53 - Why are the open oceans nutrient poor? Why are...Ch. 53 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 53 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 53 - During the Carboniferous period, rates of...
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- Please draw a diagram that shows the interactions among biotic components of the savanna ecosystem.arrow_forwardWhy is regular burning (thru natural fires) an important part of maintaining the health of grasslands and coniferous forests? Identify benefits that are specific to each biome. Also, discuss how suppressing fires could negatively affect each system.arrow_forwardYou are studying primary productivity and biodiversity patterns of an ecosystem. The ecosystem is represented by the climatograph below. The Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is measured to be 5000 grams of carbon per square meter per year, and the Total Respiration (RT) is measured to be 300 grams of carbon per square meter per year. - What kind of biome is this? - Calculate the Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) for this ecosystem - What does the calculated NEP value indicate about the carbon balance and overall productivity of the ecosystem? (one sentence) - Based on both the climatograph and the NEP, what can you say about the biodiversity of plants versus consumers? Choice 1 of 4:plant biodiversity is greater than consumer biodiversity Choice 2 of 4:consumer biodiversity is greater than plant biodiversity Choice 3 of 4:consumer biodiversity is the same as plant biodiversity Choice 4 of 4:lower plant biodiversity compared to consumer biodiversityarrow_forward
- A forest fire destroys a large section of a mature forest. Several years later, the area is covered with a mix of grasses, shrubs, and small trees. The process of ecological recovery in this forest is characterized by the re-establishment of complex plant communities. 1) Is this an example of primary or secondary succession? 2) Which stage of ecological succession is most likely represented by this scenario? Intermediate stage Alternative stable stage Pioneer stage Climax Community Stagearrow_forward7) Describe how the types of vegetation present on this farmland would change if a fire burned down all the trees 120 years after the land was abandoned.arrow_forwardGlobal agricultural land show how much percent of signs of degradation due to current agricultural practices, human activities and environmental conditions? A) 33.67% B) 50.67% C) 66.67% D) 83.67%arrow_forward
- Planetary boundaries that are at critical level Select one or more: a. Biodiversity loss, biogeochemical flows b. Nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle, biodiversity loss c. Biodiversity loss, climate change, land-change d. Climate change, carbon sequestration, carbon tradearrow_forward(a) 10% Woody Cover (b) R-0.24 8 P=0.01 5 20 30 50 Years After Abandonment 10 0 0 00 0 0 30 35 40 Degrees Latitude 45 50 30 R-0.34 P<0.01 50% Woody Cover Years After Abandonment 10 20 30 50 5 8 30 35 40 Degrees Latitude 45 In eastern Ohio, most climax communities are forest, defined as having a closed canopy (75%-100% cover) allowing very little light to penetrate to the ground.2 By the end of the study in 2000, is it likely that this old field site (at 40°N) had reached the relative stability of a climax community? (the study began in 1950) A. No. Most forest communities take at least 100 years to reach 75% cover. B. No. According to the graphs, the old field will be at ~50% coverage after 50 years. C. Yes. Unless the area has been disturbed again, it should stay stable after 10% cover. D. Yes. At 40° latitude, over 50% of the old fields were above the stability line on the graph. O A B OC ODarrow_forwardChoose TWO (2) different types of ecosystem, in your surrounding area. The area can be in your yard or in your neighbourhood, which is easily accessible to you. a) the two types of ecosystems that can be identified during the observation b) abiotic and biotic factors in each ecosystem (FOUR examples ofinteractions).arrow_forward
- Gross primary productivity refers to the total a. energy used by the heterotrophs of the ecosystem in a given period of time b. energy captured initially by the producers c. quantity of solar energy reaching a given area of the ecosystem d. quantity of solar energy available to the ecosystem in a given period of time e. energy used by the producers for their growth and reproductionarrow_forwardAll of the statements are correct regarding ecological succession EXCEPT Select one: a. there is less competition earlier in the succession process b. it is a random process c. initial pioneer species are plants d. species diversity increases as succession proceedsarrow_forwardREFER TO FIGURE 1 BELOW. EXPLAIN HOW human activities are causing major changes in the ecosystem processes and the pattern of biodiversity (biotic component).arrow_forward
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