Concept explainers
a.
To explain: The cost and benefits to dominant individuals in a dominant hierarchy.
Introduction: Dominant hierarchy represented by the ranking of social status in which one animal has a higher status as compared to other animals which are lower in rank. In a certain group of species, the male is a dominant member while in certain other species females help in establishing dominant hierarchies. Establishing dominant hierarchy comes with certain costs and benefits.
(b)
To explain: The cost and benefits to subordinate individiuals in a dominant hierarchy.
Introduction: Dominant hierarchy represented by the ranking of social status in which one animal has a higher status as compared to other animals which are lower in rank. In a certain group of species, the male is a dominant member while in certain other species females help in establishing dominant hierarchies. Establishing dominant hierarchy comes with certain costs and benefits.
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