Chapter 5.2, Problem 4P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formulas are to be drawn for isomeric alkyl chlorides that have molecular formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_9\text{Cl}$, and their functional class along with substitutive names are to be written.

Concept introduction:

The molecular formula tells the number of atoms of each element present in the compound.

Each carbon atom forms four bonds while each chlorine atom forms one bond. There are three pairs of unshared electrons on each chlorine atom.

The general formula for alkyl chlorides is $\text{RCl}$.

The constitutional isomers for alkyl chlorides can be drawn with the different possible connectivity of atoms.

For functional class nomenclature of alkyl chlorides, the numbering should be started from the carbon at which the chlorine atom is attached and carbon chain named as alkyl group by adding “chloride” as a separate word at the end.

For substitutive nomenclature of alkyl chlorides, the chlorine is treated as a “chloro” substituent. The numbering should be given to the longest continuous chain having the chlorine atom such that the carbon bearing chlorine atom should get the lowest number. The name should be written by indicating the position of the carbon atom to which the chlorine atom is attached by that carbon number and carbon chain are named as corresponding alkane at the end.