
Interpretation:
The structural formulas are to be drawn for isomeric alkyl chlorides that have molecular formula
Concept introduction:
The molecular formula tells the number of atoms of each element present in the compound.
Each carbon atom forms four bonds while each chlorine atom forms one bond. There are three pairs of unshared electrons on each chlorine atom.
The general formula for alkyl chlorides is
The constitutional isomers for alkyl chlorides can be drawn with the different possible connectivity of atoms.
For functional class nomenclature of alkyl chlorides, the numbering should be started from the carbon at which the chlorine atom is attached and carbon chain named as alkyl group by adding “chloride” as a separate word at the end.
For substitutive nomenclature of alkyl chlorides, the chlorine is treated as a “chloro” substituent. The numbering should be given to the longest continuous chain having the chlorine atom such that the carbon bearing chlorine atom should get the lowest number. The name should be written by indicating the position of the carbon atom to which the chlorine atom is attached by that carbon number and carbon chain are named as corresponding

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Chapter 5 Solutions
Organic Chemistry - Standalone book
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- For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects O donating O withdrawing O no inductive effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density ○ donating ○ withdrawing O no resonance effects O electron-rich O electron-deficient O similar to benzene Cl O donating O withdrawing ○ donating ○ withdrawing O no inductive effects O no resonance effects O Explanation Check O electron-rich O electron-deficient similar to benzene X © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessarrow_forwardIdentifying electron-donating and For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects NH2 ○ donating NO2 Explanation Check withdrawing no inductive effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density ○ donating O withdrawing O no resonance effects O donating O withdrawing O donating withdrawing O no inductive effects Ono resonance effects O electron-rich electron-deficient O similar to benzene O electron-rich O electron-deficient O similar to benzene olo 18 Ar 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibilityarrow_forwardRank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic aromatic substitution. Explanation Check Х (Choose one) OH (Choose one) OCH3 (Choose one) OH (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Centerarrow_forward
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