(a)
Interpretation:
Thermodynamically stable product compared with reactant in the given reaction has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
If
If
In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.
In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.
(b)
Interpretation:
Most kinetically stable product compared with reactant in the given reaction has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Kinetic stability can be represented as
If
If
If
In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.
In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.
(c)
Interpretation:
Least kinetically stable product compared with reactant in the given reaction has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Kinetic stability can be represented as
If
If
If
In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.
In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
- 4. Predict the possible major products for the following reactions and decide whether they are the kinetic or thermodynamic product. A. B. H-CI 40°C H-CI 0°Carrow_forwardConsider the two alkene additions reactions a. What are the major products for each reaction? b. What is the mechanism for each reaction? c. Which reaction would be faster and why? Use words like “transition-state, intermediate and/or reactant/product stability” in your justification. Draw the reaction coordinate diagram for both to assist in your explanation.arrow_forwardAs we will learn in Section 13.12, many antioxidants–compounds that prevent unwanted radical oxidation reactions from occurring–are phenols, compounds that contain an OH group bonded directly to a benzene ring. a. Explain why homolysis of the O–H bond in phenol requires considerably less energy than homolysis of the O–H bond in ethanol (362 kJ/mol vs. 438 kJ/mol). b.Why is the C–O bond in phenol shorter than the C–O bond in ethanol?arrow_forward
- For each reaction in question 20, sketch a reaction coordinate energy diagram indicating the starting materials, transition states and any intermediates, if present, in the reaction. Don't worry about the absolute energy of starting materials and products but you can assume that the product is more stable than the starting materials.arrow_forwardThe Diels–Alder reaction, a powerful reaction discussed in Chapter 14, occurs when a 1,3-diene such as A reacts with an alkene such as B to form the six-membered ring in C. a.Draw curved arrows to show how A and B react to form C. b.What bonds are broken and formed in this reaction? c.Would you expect this reaction to be endothermic or exothermic? d.Does entropy favor the reactants or products? e. Is the Diels–Alder reaction a substitution, elimination, or addition?arrow_forwardConsider the following energy diagram. Energy Reaction coordinate a. How many steps are involved in this reaction? b. Label AH and E₂ for each step, and label AH overall- c. Label each transition state. d. Which point on the graph corresponds to a reactive intermediate? e. Which step is rate-determining? f. Is the overall reaction endothermic or exothermic?arrow_forward
- 8. Compound (A) rearranges to compound (B) spontaneously. a) Draw the mechanism using curved arrows, that describes how this rearrangement can occur. (Hint: two shifts are required to obtain the product). H Br H₂C Br b) What makes the formation of the previous product spontaneous (ie. why is the product more stable than the reactant)?arrow_forwardDraw an energy diagram for a reaction in which the products are higher in energy than the starting materials and Ea is large. Clearly label all of the following on the diagram: the axes, the starting materials, the products, the transition state,?H°, and Ea.arrow_forwardWhich of the following concepts explains why a tertiary carbocation is more stable than a primary carbocation? a. Hyperconjugation b. Resonance c. Electronegativity T d. he octet rulearrow_forward
- Question 1 Consider the reaction below. The AGxn for this reaction is 100 kJ/mol: a. Sketch a free energy diagram of this reaction b. Indicate the AG*xn in your diagram c. Is this reaction endergonic or exergonic? Explain d. Draw the transition state for this reaction go +Harrow_forwardhelparrow_forwardConsider the two energy diagrams given below. B Reaction progress Reaction progress Which of the following is correct with respect to these diagrams? O A could represent an E2 reaction B could represent an E1 reaction A could represent an E1cb reaction O A could represent and E1 reaction B could represent an E1cb reaction Energyarrow_forward
Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning