Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Condensed structures and the systematic names for all the
Concept introduction:
- Molecular structure is the arrangement of
chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule (or in an ion or radical with multiple atoms), specifically which atoms are chemically bonded to what other atoms with what kind of chemical bond. From the IUPAC name of compound its structure can be easily drawn. - IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.
- Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.
- Suffix denotes the presence of
functional group if any in the molecule. It can be an alkene,alkyne , alcohol,carboxylic acid , alcohol etc. - For alkenes, suffix will be ‘ene’.
- Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.
- When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo, if it is two cyclic structure combined then prefixed with bicyclo.
- E-Z designators are used as like cis-trans terminology for non-similar groups attached alkenes.
- In E-Z designations, the groups attached to vinylic positions are checked by their priority on the basis of higher molecular weight. If the higher priority groups are on the same sides, then the configuration is designated as Z. If the higher priority groups are on the opposite sides, then the configuration is designated as E.
- Condensed Formula: Molecular formula where the symbols of atoms are listed in order as they appear in the respective molecular structure with bonded dash omitted or limited it is called the condensed structure.
(b)
Interpretation:
The E and Z isomers of alkenes should be identified for the given compound with the molecular formula
Concept introduction:
- Molecular structure is the arrangement of chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule (or in an ion or radical with multiple atoms), specifically which atoms are chemically bonded to what other atoms with what kind of chemical bond. From the IUPAC name of compound its structure can be easily drawn.
- IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.
- Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.
- Suffix denotes the presence of functional group if any in the molecule. It can be an alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc.
- For alkenes, suffix will be ‘ene’.
- Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.
- When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo, if it is two cyclic structure combined then prefixed with bicyclo.
- E-Z designators are used as like cis-trans terminology for non-similar groups attached alkenes.
- In E-Z designations, the groups attached to vinylic positions are checked by their priority on the basis of higher molecular weight. If the higher priority groups are on the same sides, then the configuration is designated as Z. If the higher priority groups are on the opposite sides, then the configuration is designated as E.
(c)
Interpretation:
Most stable alkenes has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
The amount of heat released in a hydrogenation reaction is known as heat of hydrogenation
The most stable alkene has the smallest heat of hydrogenation.
The stability of an alkene increases as the number of alkyl substituents bonded to its
The stability of an alkene increases as the number of hydrogen bonded to its
(d)
Interpretation:
Least stable alkene has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
The amount of heat released in a hydrogenation reaction is known as heat of hydrogenation
The most stable alkene has the smallest heat of hydrogenation.
The stability of an alkene increases as the number of alkyl substituents bonded to its
The stability of an alkene increases as the number of hydrogen bonded to its
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 5 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
- 2CIO2 + 20H-1 CIO31 + CIO2 + H2O Experiment [CIO2], M [OH-1], M 1 0.0500 0.100 23 2 0.100 0.100 3 0.100 0.0500 Initial Rate, M/s 0.0575 0.230 0.115 ... Given this date, calculate the overall order of this reaction.arrow_forward2 3 .(be)_[Ɔ+(be)_OI ← (b²)_IƆO+ (be)_I Experiment [1-] M 0.005 [OCI-] 0.005 Initial Rate M/min 0.000275 0.0025 0.005 0.000138 0.0025 0.0025 0.000069 4 0.0025 0.0025 0.000140 Calculate the rate constant of this reaction using the table data.arrow_forward1 2 3 4 I(aq) +OCl(aq) → IO¯¯(aq) + Cl¯(aq) Experiment [I-] M 0.005 [OCI-] 0.005 Initial Rate M/min 0.000275 0.0025 0.005 0.000138 0.0025 0.0025 Calculate the overall order of this reaction using the table data. 0.0025 0.000069 0.0025 0.000140arrow_forward
- H2O2(aq) +3 I¯(aq) +2 H+(aq) → 13(aq) +2 H₂O(l)· ••• Experiment [H2 O2]o (M) [I]o (M) [H+]。 (M) Initial rate (M/s) 1 0.15 0.15 0.05 0.00012 234 0.15 0.3 0.05 0.00024 0.3 0.15 0.05 0.00024 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.00048 Calculate the overall order of this reaction using the table data.arrow_forwardThe U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets limits on healthful levels of air pollutants. The maximum level that the EPA considers safe for lead air pollution is 1.5 μg/m³ Part A If your lungs were filled with air containing this level of lead, how many lead atoms would be in your lungs? (Assume a total lung volume of 5.40 L.) ΜΕ ΑΣΦ = 2.35 1013 ? atoms ! Check your rounding. Your final answer should be rounded to 2 significant figures in the last step. No credit lost. Try again.arrow_forwardY= - 0.039 (14.01) + 0.7949arrow_forward
- Suppose 1.76 g of magnesium acetate (Mg (CH3CO2)2) are dissolved in 140. mL of water. Find the composition of the resulting electrolyte solution. In particular, list the chemical symbols (including any charge) of each dissolved ion in the table below. List only one ion per row. mEq Then, calculate the concentration of each ion in dwrite the concentration in the second column of each row. Be sure you round your answers to the L correct number of significant digits. ion Add Row mEq L x 5arrow_forwardA pdf file of your hand drawn, stepwise mechanisms for the reactions. For each reaction in the assignment, you must write each mechanism three times (there are 10 reactions, so 30 mechanisms). (A) do the work on a tablet and save as a pdf., it is expected to write each mechanism out and NOT copy and paste the mechanism after writing it just once. Everything should be drawn out stepwise and every bond that is formed and broken in the process of the reaction, and is expected to see all relevant lone pair electrons and curved arrows.arrow_forwardNonearrow_forward
- Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning