Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780133922851
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 50.4, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To explain: How is the amplification of signals (increase in signal strength during signal transduction) is beneficial in olfaction.
Concept introduction: GPCRs (G protein coupled receptors) are the membrane receptors that are most diverse and largest membrane receptors in case of the eukaryotes. In all the animals, for the purpose of feeding behavior, the chemical senses are essential. Perceptions of smell (olfaction) depends upon the chemoreceptors.
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Chapter 50 Solutions
Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
Ch. 50.1 - Which one of the five categories of sensory...Ch. 50.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 50.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 50.2 - How are otoliths adaptive for burrowing mammals,...Ch. 50.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 50.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 50.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 50.3 - Contrast the light-detecting organs of planarians...Ch. 50.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 50.3 - Prob. 3CC
Ch. 50.3 - Prob. 4CCCh. 50.4 - Explain why some taste receptor cells arid all...Ch. 50.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 50.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 50.5 - Contrast the role of Ca2+ in the contraction of a...Ch. 50.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 50.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 50.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 50.6 - Contrast swimming and flying in terms of the main...Ch. 50.6 - WHAT IF? When using your arms to lower yourself...Ch. 50 - Sensory receptors transduce stimulus energy and...Ch. 50 - How are music volume and pitch encoded in signals...Ch. 50 - Prob. 50.3CRCh. 50 - Prob. 50.4CRCh. 50 - What are two major functions of ATP hydrolysis in...Ch. 50 - Prob. 50.6CRCh. 50 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 50 - The middle ear converts (A) air pressure waves to...Ch. 50 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 50 - Which sensory distinction is not encoded by a...Ch. 50 - The transduction of sound waves into action...Ch. 50 - Although some sharks close their eyes just before...Ch. 50 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 50 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION In general, locomotion on...Ch. 50 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 50 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay...Ch. 50 - Prob. 11TYU
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- How is an extracellular signal converted to an intracellular signal in signal transduction? Give a specific example.arrow_forwardWhat is signal transduction? Illustrate and describe the molecular events in signal transduction pathways involving 1) G-protein-coupled receptors and 2) enzyme linked receptors.arrow_forwardTrace the sequence of events in signal transduction for each of the following second messengers: cyclic AMP, inositol trisphosphate (IP3 ), diacylglycerol (DAG), and calcium ions.arrow_forward
- What type of signal transduction is involved in signaling from hormones such as estrogen and testosterone? Explain the signal transduction pathway that occurs. 1. Is there a short term description for signal transduction, instead wrting multiple words to descripte the type of signal transduction? Can I just identify it as active signal transduction and inactive signal transduction. Based on my understanding, active singal transduction is for the fast react transdcution, while inactive signal transduction meanly refers the hormonal affacts on the system. 2. For Ion channels, specific enzymes are both involed activated and inactivated signal transduction?arrow_forwardContrast signal amplification with signal termination.arrow_forwardHow is an extracellular signal converted to an intracellular signal in signal transduction? Give a specific example.arrow_forward
- After establishing the importance of cGMP in the signaling pathway of the photoreceptor cells, the researchers wish to identify the exact target of cGMP. The researchers suspect that cGMP binds to an ion channel, causing the observed change in the membrane potential between the dark and the light conditions but they are not sure which one. The researchers determine the movement of three different ions (sodium, chloride and potassium) as a function of their respective electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane: ● Sodium tends to enter the cell Chloride tends to enter the cell Potassium tends to leave the cell The researchers therefore propose three simple hypotheses for the effect of cGMP on the membrane potential of the rod photoreceptor cell: ● Hypothesis A: CGMP binds to a sodium-channel, that opens and lets sodium ions diffuse inside the cell. Hypothesis B: cGMP binds to a chloride-channel, that opens and lets loride ions diffuse inside the cell. Hypothesis C: cGMP binds to…arrow_forwardBriefly describe what is signal amplification process using cAMP as the second messenger for examplearrow_forwarddescribe how signal amplification is accomplished in target cellarrow_forward
- The hydrolysis of GTP to GDP is a reversible reaction as shown below. The ΔG for the reaction is ±30.5 kJ/mol. ΔG = ± 30.5 kJ/mol GTP + H2O GDP + Pi a) Which signalling pathway in the above diagram utilizes this forward reaction? (mTOR pathway, Hippo pathway, Both pathways, or Neither pathway) b) Which protein possesses this enzymatic activity within that pathway?arrow_forwardList two ways that GPCR signaling transduction can be turned off (go back to inactive state)arrow_forwardWhat is one advantage of signal transduction being a pathway (several steps)?arrow_forward
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