BIOLOGY
BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781265202859
Author: BROOKER
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Chapter 50, Problem 3CQ

Core Concept: Systems Organ systems often exert dual control over variables such as blood pressure, respiration, and growth. How do the opposing actions of insulin and glucagon maintain glucose homeostasis? When are these hormones released into the blood? What might happen to a nonfasting mammal that was injected with a high dose of glucagon?

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Exercise Exercise places demands on the body. Cells require extra energy and water is lost through sweating.  The breathing rate and heart rate increases during exercise to deliver more glucose and oxygen to cells which are converted to ATP through cellular respiration.   Identify three hormones that are involved in re-establishing homeostasis after an intense workout and explain why they are involved.
Chronic stress or GC exposure can cause insulin resistance. The influence of GC on insulin is complex, but leads to hyperinsulinemia (high circulating insulin levels) and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is typically caused by a decreased number of insulin receptors on the cell surface. Speculate on a mechanism resulting in a decreased number of insulin receptors.
Compare and contrast how the endocrine and neural systems do long- distance communication within the mammalian body. State and be able to recognize the roles of neurons and various types of glia (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, microglia). Give two mechanisms for how different target cells exposed to the same hormone can respond in different ways. Predict how perturbations to the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, the hormones they secrete, or iodine levels will affect hormone levels, thyroid size, metabolic rate, and intelligence in children. Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction. Discuss how the environment, sex chromosomes, sex- determination genes, hormone levels, and anatomical features can contribute to sex determination in people or other organism
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