Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5, Problem 9TYU
FOCUS ON EVOLUTION
Paramecium and other unicellular eukaryotes that live in hypotonic environments have cell membranes that limit water uptake, while those living in isotonic environments have membranes that are more permeable to water. Describe what water regulation adaptations might have evolved in unicellular eukaryotes in hypertonic habitats such as the Great Salt Lake and in habitats with changing salt concentration.
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One advantage of being multicellular is that the organism can increase insize. Unicellular organisms cannot achieve this large size. What limitsunicellular growth? How do multicellular animals solve this problem?
pelase do not copy from google
Passive transport *
Is when an ion flows down a gradient to enter or exit a cell
Does not require energy
Is facilitated by ATP
Can use ion channels
If a cell is hypotonic *
it could shrivel up
it is at equilibrium
it could swell and burst
all of the above
What does hypertonic mean? *
Circle/highlight either T or F for each row
T
T
T
T
T
T
F Mechanosensation is the way we sense all temperature
LL
F
F
LL
F
ןד
FL
Axons need a growth factor in order to grow
Secondary active transport is when a solute moves against its gradient and that
movement is powered by ATP
You can couple passive transport with active transport in order to move a solute
against its gradient
Thermal vents were the likely the source of energy for the origin of life
F Neurons that innervate the limb are never born if the limb isn't there
Chapter 5 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 5.1 - Plasma membrane proteins have carbohydrates...Ch. 5.1 - WHAT IF? How would the membrane lipid composition...Ch. 5.2 - What property allows O2 and CO2, to cross a lipid...Ch. 5.2 - Why is a transport protein needed to move many...Ch. 5.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Aquaporins exclude passage of...Ch. 5.3 - How do you think a cell performing cellular...Ch. 5.3 - WHAT IF? If a Paramecium caudatum cell swims from...Ch. 5.4 - Sodium-potassium pumps help nerve cells establish...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the characteristics of the...
Ch. 5.5 - As a cell grows, its plasma membrane expands. Does...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In Concept 4.7, you learned that...Ch. 5.6 - During an epinephrine-initiated signal in liver...Ch. 5.6 - When a signal transduction pathway involves a...Ch. 5.6 - WHAT IF? How can a target cells response to a...Ch. 5 - In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell...Ch. 5 - Which of the following factors would tend to...Ch. 5 - Phosphorylation cascades involving a series of...Ch. 5 - Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as...Ch. 5 - Which of the following processes includes all the...Ch. 5 - Based on Figure 5.17.which of these experimental...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 5 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Extensive...Ch. 5 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Paramecium and other...Ch. 5 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS A human pancreatic cell...Ch. 5 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE In the supermarket,...
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- 3 Diagram A below illustrates schematically a classic experiment designed to test the chemi- osmotic hypothesis. Phospholipid vesicles were made to contain beef heart mitochondrial ATP syn- thase and bacteriorhodopsin, a light driven proton pump isolated from Halobacterium holobium. Under light illumination, proton translocation by bacteriorhodopsin results in ATP synthesis when ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) are added to the suspension of vesicles. Diagram B shows a plot of the rate of ATP synthesis as a function of the proton gradient ApH. Bacteriorhodopsin in synthetic vesicle 100F A outside inside 5아 Fo F1 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 A pH (a) how this differs from its orientation in mitochondria. Given the orientation of the components of ATP synthase complex in diagram A, describe (b) cavity of the vesicle become the region of low proton concentration or the region of high proton con- centration? Explain your reasoning. Under light illumination to activate bacteriorhodopsin to drive ATP…arrow_forwardUsing the appropriate osmotic terms (hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic) describe what would happen to each organism in the following settings: A single-celled freshwater protist is placed into a beaker of salt water. A salt-water snail is mistakenly put into a freshwater tank. A head of lettuce is placed soaked in a sink of salt water. A carrot is soaked a sink of distilled, pure water.arrow_forwardPlease answer itarrow_forward
- 1) If an animal cell is placed in HYPERTONIC solution, what happens to the cell? nothing happens cell swells and burst shrinks from the water loss solute moves in and out2) True or False: Hypotonic solution means more solute and less water. True False Maybe 3) In an isotonic solution which way will the water flow out of the cell into the cell will flow both ways at equal rate none of the abovearrow_forwardPlease answer fastarrow_forwardWhich of the following prokaryotes has a relatively large surface-to-volume ratio for rapid gas exchange, despite having one of the largest cytoplasmic volumes of any known eubacterial cell? the archaeobacterium Halobacterium halobium the archaeobacterium Nanoarchaeum equitans the eubacterium Rhodopseudomonas viridis the eubacterium Epulopiscium fishelsoni the eubacterium Escherichia coliarrow_forward
- The following diagram shows the effect of osmotic concentration on a plant cell. Using the terms isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic identify what is happening in each cell and state what each term means and which cell it applies to. Plant cells cell wall -nucleus cell membrane -central vacuole -chloroplast Paragraph B I U v A !!! liliarrow_forwardWhich of the following membrane-crossing mechanisms requires energy? Active transport Facilitated diffusion Simple diffusion Passive transport Turgorarrow_forwardSECTION rs of Lab Section: 3.3 FUNGUS-LIKE PROTISTS Answer the following questions: v. 20231 What is a possible function of cytoplasmic streaming in the slime mold? To help distribute and redistribute nutrient throughout organism. Hypothesize as to how you think the living slime mold plasmodium (feeding stage) would react if you warm it up by leaving it on your microscope stage under high illumination for about 30 minutes? thearrow_forward
- Investigating 2 newly discovered unicellular species. Species 1 was isolated from the hot springs with an average water temperature of 92 degrees Celsius. Species 2 was isolated with an average water temperature of 8 degrees Celsius. You extract and measure the amount of desaturase protein from both species. State what you expect to observe with regards to desaturase levels in Species 2 compared to Species 1. (Refer to membrane fluidity and include an explanation of the differences in the structure of fatty acid chains).arrow_forwardIn which situation would passive transport not use a transport protein for entry into a cell? water flowing into a heypertonic environment an ion flowing into a nerve cell to create an electrical potential glucose being absorbed from the blood oxygen moving into a cell after oxygen deprivationarrow_forwardidentify which of the following pictures depicts passive transport and which one portryas active transport. Also interpret each picture, so you can identify the distinct feauture of the 2 major transport mechanisms. THANK YOUU!!❤️arrow_forward
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