Chapter 5, Problem 99APP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the element that corresponds to the electronic configuration $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^3$ should be identified.

Concept Introduction: The relative energy of orbitals is represented as follows:

A s orbital can have maximum of 2 electrons, p orbital can have maximum of 6 electrons. Similarly, maximum electrons that a d and f orbital can have are 10 and 14 respectively.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the element that corresponds to the alkali metal with the smallest atomic size should be identified.

Concept Introduction: According to the periodic trends, the atomic size of the element increases on moving top to bottom in a group due to addition of one shell and decreases on moving left to right in a group due to increase in atomic number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the element that corresponds to the electronic configuration $\left[Kr\right]5s^{2}4d^{10}$ should be identified.

Concept Introduction: The relative energy of orbitals is represented as follows:

A s orbital can have maximum of 2 electrons, p orbital can have maximum of 6 electrons. Similarly, maximum electrons that a d and f orbital can have are 10 and 14 respectively.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the element that corresponds to the group 5A (15) element with the highest ionization energy should be identified.

Concept Introduction: Ionization energy is defined as the amount of energy required to remove an electron from its outermost shell. According to periodic trends, it decreases on moving top to bottom in a group due to increase in size and it increases on moving left to right in a period due to decrease in size.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the element that corresponds to the period 3 element with the largest atomic size should be identified.

Concept Introduction: According to the periodic trends, the atomic size of the element increases on moving top to bottom in a group due to addition of one shell and decreases on moving left to right in a group due to increase in atomic number.