The eutectics, congruent and incongruent melting compounds have to be identified. Concept introduction: Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5D.5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The eutectics, congruent and incongruent melting compounds have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of phases and phase composition present in equilibrium when a melt with composition xSi = 0.20 at 1500 °C is cooled to 1000 °C have to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equilibrium phases observed when a melt with xSi=0.80 is cooled to 1030 °C have to be described. The phases and relative amounts that would be at equilibrium at a temperature (i) slightly higher than 1030 °C, (ii) slightly lower than 1030 °C have to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

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Answers to the remaining 6 questions will be hand-drawn on paper and submitted as a single file upload below: Review of this week's reaction: H₂NCN (cyanamide) + CH3NHCH2COOH (sarcosine) + NaCl, NH4OH, H₂O ---> H₂NC(=NH)N(CH3)CH2COOH (creatine) Q7. Draw by hand the reaction of creatine synthesis listed above using line structures without showing the Cs and some of the Hs, but include the lone pairs of electrons wherever they apply. (4 pts) Q8. Considering the Zwitterion form of an amino acid, draw the Zwitterion form of Creatine. (2 pts) Q9. Explain with drawing why the C-N bond shown in creatine structure below can or cannot rotate. (3 pts) NH2(C=NH)-N(CH)CH2COOH This bond Q10. Draw two tautomers of creatine using line structures. (Note: this question is valid because problem Q9 is valid). (4 pts) Q11. Mechanism. After seeing and understanding the mechanism of creatine synthesis, students should be ready to understand the first half of one of the Grignard reactions presented in a past…

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5D.5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The eutectics, congruent and incongruent melting compounds have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of phases and phase composition present in equilibrium when a melt with composition xSi = 0.20 at 1500 °C is cooled to 1000 °C have to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equilibrium phases observed when a melt with xSi=0.80 is cooled to 1030 °C have to be described. The phases and relative amounts that would be at equilibrium at a temperature (i) slightly higher than 1030 °C, (ii) slightly lower than 1030 °C have to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5D.5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The eutectics, congruent and incongruent melting compounds have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of phases and phase composition present in equilibrium when a melt with composition xSi = 0.20 at 1500 °C is cooled to 1000 °C have to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equilibrium phases observed when a melt with xSi=0.80 is cooled to 1030 °C have to be described. The phases and relative amounts that would be at equilibrium at a temperature (i) slightly higher than 1030 °C, (ii) slightly lower than 1030 °C have to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5D.5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The eutectics, congruent and incongruent melting compounds have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of phases and phase composition present in equilibrium when a melt with composition xSi = 0.20 at 1500 °C is cooled to 1000 °C have to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equilibrium phases observed when a melt with xSi=0.80 is cooled to 1030 °C have to be described. The phases and relative amounts that would be at equilibrium at a temperature (i) slightly higher than 1030 °C, (ii) slightly lower than 1030 °C have to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

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Answer 5

Chapter 5, Problem 5D.5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The eutectics, congruent and incongruent melting compounds have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of phases and phase composition present in equilibrium when a melt with composition xSi = 0.20 at 1500 °C is cooled to 1000 °C have to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equilibrium phases observed when a melt with xSi=0.80 is cooled to 1030 °C have to be described. The phases and relative amounts that would be at equilibrium at a temperature (i) slightly higher than 1030 °C, (ii) slightly lower than 1030 °C have to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

Answer 6

Chapter 5, Problem 5D.5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The eutectics, congruent and incongruent melting compounds have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

Answer 7

Chapter 5, Problem 5D.5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The eutectics, congruent and incongruent melting compounds have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of phases and phase composition present in equilibrium when a melt with composition xSi = 0.20 at 1500 °C is cooled to 1000 °C have to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of phases and phase composition present in equilibrium when a melt with composition xSi = 0.20 at 1500 °C is cooled to 1000 °C have to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equilibrium phases observed when a melt with xSi=0.80 is cooled to 1030 °C have to be described. The phases and relative amounts that would be at equilibrium at a temperature (i) slightly higher than 1030 °C, (ii) slightly lower than 1030 °C have to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equilibrium phases observed when a melt with xSi=0.80 is cooled to 1030 °C have to be described. The phases and relative amounts that would be at equilibrium at a temperature (i) slightly higher than 1030 °C, (ii) slightly lower than 1030 °C have to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Eutectic points are the lowest melting points of the mixtures. Congruent melting compounds are those which remain stable upto their melting points. Incongruent melting compounds are those which decompose into other products before reaching their melting point.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 5 - Prob. 5A.1ST Ch. 5 - Prob. 5A.2ST Ch. 5 - Prob. 5A.3ST Ch. 5 - Prob. 5A.4ST Ch. 5 - Prob. 5B.2ST Ch. 5 - Prob. 5C.2ST Ch. 5 - Prob. 5F.1ST Ch. 5 - Prob. 5A.1DQ Ch. 5 - Prob. 5A.2DQ Ch. 5 - Prob. 5A.3DQ

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Chapter 5 Solutions